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Spanish conquest of Nicaragua
The Spanish conquest of Nicaragua was the 16th-century process by which Spanish expeditions from Panama, Mexico, and the Caribbean claimed and colonized present-day Nicaragua, beginning in 1522.
Spanish conquest of Oaxaca
The Spanish conquest of Oaxaca was the campaign by which Spain, with thousands of Indigenous allies, brought the kingdoms of Oaxaca, Mexico, under its rule after 1519.
Spanish conquest of Oran
The Spanish conquest of Oran was Spain's capture of the Algerian port city of Oran in May 1509, led by Cardinal Cisneros and Count Pedro Navarro.
Spanish conquest of the Aztec Empire
Spanish conquest of the Aztec Empire (1519–1521): Hernán Cortés's campaign, with Tlaxcalan and other indigenous allies, that took Tenochtitlan on 13 August 1521, captured Cuauhtémoc, and ended Mexica Triple Alliance rule.
Spanish conquest of the Inca Empire
Spanish conquest of the Inca Empire (Tawantinsuyu): Francisco Pizarro's 1531-1532 expedition captured Atahualpa at Cajamarca on 16 November 1532, exploited the Inca civil war and smallpox epidemic, executed the ruler in 1533, and extinguished independent Inca resistance at Vilcabamba in 1572.
Spanish conquest of the Muisca
The Spanish conquest of the Muisca (1537–1550) was the campaign by which expeditions from Santa Marta, Venezuela, and Peru took the Muisca territories of eastern Colombia, led by Gonzalo Jiménez de Quesada.
Spanish conquest of the Zapotec
The Spanish conquest of the Zapotec was the incorporation of the Zapotec polities of Oaxaca, Mexico, into the Spanish colonial system from 1521 through the late sixteenth century.
Spanish conquest of Vilcabamba
The Spanish conquest of Vilcabamba (Conquista de Vilcabamba) was the 1572 campaign by which Viceroy Francisco de Toledo's forces captured the last Inca ruler, Túpac Amaru I, ending the Neo-Inca state in Peru.
Spanish conquest of Yucatán
The Spanish conquest of Yucatán was Spain's campaign subduing the Maya states of the Yucatán Peninsula, fought in three phases from 1527 to 1546 or 1547 under Francisco de Montejo.
Spanish cuisine
Spanish cuisine: the regional cooking traditions of Spain based on olive oil, garlic, and wine, shaped by Phoenician, Roman, Arab, and New World influences; known for paella, gazpacho, tapas, Iberian ham, and the UNESCO-listed Mediterranean diet.
Spanish customary units
Spanish customary units are the traditional measures of Castile, standardized around the vara de Burgos, libra, and fanega, which Spain spread across its American empire before metrication in 1849.
Spanish dialects and varieties
Spanish dialects and varieties: regional (diatopic), social, register-based and historical forms of Spanish, spoken by about 500 million native speakers; includes the highland-lowland typology of American Spanish, southern Peninsular features such as seseo, perceptual dialectology, atlases like ASinEs and CORDIAM, and LLM recognition results.
Spanish dollar
The Spanish dollar, also known as the piece of eight, was a Spanish colonial silver coin of eight reales, the dominant global trade currency from the 1530s.
Spanish early-modern municipal aqueducts
Spanish early-modern municipal aqueducts were gravity-fed water-supply systems built from the sixteenth century, including Teruel's Los Arcos, Plasencia's San Antón, and Madrid's viajes de agua.
Spanish East Indies
The Spanish East Indies were Spain's Asian and Oceanic territories centered on the Philippines, whose ownership was confirmed by the 1750 Treaty of Madrid and later annulled by the 1761 Treaty of Pardo.
Spanish Embassy
Spanish Embassy in London: Spain's diplomatic mission to the United Kingdom, established 1494 under Ferdinand the Catholic; residence at 24 Belgrave Square (Downshire House, Grade I listed, Henry E. Kendall), chancery at 39 Chesham Place, consulates in London, Manchester, and Edinburgh.
Spanish Empire
Spanish Empire: the Catholic Monarchy's overseas dominion from 1492, peaking near 20 million km2 in the late 1700s. Governed via Council of the Indies and Casa de la Contratación; ended with 1898 losses.
Spanish era
The Spanish era, or Hispanic era, was a calendar era beginning in 38 BC, used for dating documents in the Iberian Peninsula until the 14th and 15th centuries.
Spanish evacuation of Morocco
The Spanish evacuation of Morocco was the withdrawal of Spanish forces from the Spanish Protectorate between 1956 and 1961, ending with the last garrison on 31 August 1961.
Spanish Fighting Bull
Spanish Fighting Bull, toro bravo, Lidia breed cattle selected for bullfighting from 16th-18th century Spanish castas; subdivided inbred lineages, dehesa grazing, distinct from other cattle breeds.
Spanish Florida
Spanish Florida (La Florida): Spanish colonial province in the southeastern United States, 1565–1763 and 1783–1821, founded at St. Augustine by Menéndez de Avilés, run as a subsidized garrison colony with Franciscan missions, ceded to Britain for Havana in 1763 and to the U.S. by the Adams–Onís Treaty in 1821.
Spanish flu
Spanish flu: the 1918–1920 influenza pandemic, an H1N1 virus of avian origin, also called the Great Influenza. Infected about 500 million (one-third of humanity); death estimates range from ~17 million to at least 50 million; killed unusually many healthy 20–40-year-olds in three waves.
Spanish flu in Southern Africa
The Spanish flu in Southern Africa reached South Africa in 1918, killing an estimated 300,000 to 500,000 people in six weeks, locally called "Black October".
Spanish flu research
Spanish flu research is the epidemiological, historical, and virological study of the 1918–1920 influenza pandemic, an H1N1 virus that killed an estimated 20 to 100 million people worldwide.
Spanish fly (disambiguation)
Spanish fly (disambiguation): chiefly Lytta vesicatoria, an emerald-green Eurasian blister beetle (Meloidae); also cantharidin, its toxic blistering agent; cantharides, the ground dried-beetle drug; and the dangerous purported aphrodisiac.
Spanish football league system
Spanish football league system: pyramid of LaLiga and LaLiga Hypermotion (run by LALIGA) plus RFEF-run Primera, Segunda, and Tercera Federación tiers 3-5, restructured in 2021/22 with promotion and relegation throughout.
Spanish galleon San José
Spanish treasure galleon San José, flagship of the Tierra Firme fleet, built 1697–1698 in the Basque Country; sank 8 June 1708 in the Battle of Barú near Cartagena, found in 2015 at 600 m depth, first artifacts recovered 2025.
Spanish Golden Age
The Spanish Golden Age (Siglo de Oro), also called early modern Spain, is the 16th–17th-century flowering of Spanish literature and art under Philip II–IV, spanning Renaissance and Baroque phases amid imperial crisis.
Spanish Golden Age theatre
Spanish Golden Age theater is the tradition of commercial verse drama centered on the comedia nueva, flourishing in Spain from the mid-sixteenth century, with playwrights like Lope de Vega and Calderón.
Spanish grammar
Spanish grammar (gramática del español): the morphological and syntactic system of Spanish and its codification, from Nebrija's 1492 Gramática castellana to the RAE-ASALE Nueva gramática (2009, revised 2024-2025).