All articles A–Z

Statistical arbitrage

Statistical arbitrage is a quantitative trading strategy that uses statistical models to exploit temporary price misalignments between related assets, holding market-neutral, mean-reverting positions for seconds to weeks.

Statistical classification

Statistical classification, also called pattern classification, is the machine learning task of predicting which class an example belongs to, using methods such as logistic regression and support vector machines.

Statistical disclosure control

Statistical disclosure control, also known as disclosure avoidance, is the set of methods statistical agencies use to keep published statistics from revealing information about individuals or businesses.

Statistical dispersion

Statistical dispersion, also called statistical variability or spread, is the degree to which values of a variable or probability distribution differ, measured by variance, standard deviation, range, and interquartile range.

Statistical distance

A statistical distance is a quantity measuring how different two probability distributions, or a distribution and a model, are, underlying hypothesis testing, model selection, and minimum-distance estimation.

Statistical Distributions (book)

Statistical Distributions is a Wiley quick-reference handbook of formulas, properties, and tables for the probability distributions most often met in applied statistics, first published in 1975 and now in its fourth edition.

Statistical energy analysis

Statistical energy analysis (SEA) is a vibro-acoustics method predicting high-frequency vibration and sound by balancing energy between coupled subsystems, used on aerospace vehicles and other large lightweight structures.

Statistical hypothesis test

A statistical hypothesis test, also called a significance test, is a procedure for deciding whether sample data are inconsistent with a stated hypothesis, built around a null hypothesis.

Statistical hypothesis testing

Statistical hypothesis testing is a method for deciding whether observed data are consistent with a null hypothesis, by computing a test statistic and reporting a p-value or a reject decision.

Statistical inference

Statistical inference, also called inferential statistics or statistical induction, draws conclusions about a population from sample data, spanning point estimation, confidence intervals, and hypothesis testing.

Statistical learning theory

Statistical learning theory, also known as statistical machine learning, is the mathematical framework studying when algorithms trained on finite samples perform well on new, unseen data.

Statistical machine translation

Statistical machine translation is an approach to machine translation that selects the most probable translation using probability models estimated from large collections of parallel text rather than hand-written rules.

Statistical matching

Statistical matching, also called data fusion or data combination, integrates samples sharing no units, letting variables never jointly observed be analyzed, often under a conditional independence assumption.

Statistical mechanics

Statistical mechanics is the branch of physics that derives thermodynamic properties of gases, liquids, and magnets from their microscopic description in classical or quantum mechanics.

Statistical model

A statistical model, also called a probabilistic or probability model, is a family of probability distributions describing how observed data might have been generated, indexed by a parameter.

Statistical parameter

A statistical parameter, also called a population parameter, is a fixed quantity that describes a probability distribution or a numerical characteristic of a population, such as a mean.

Statistical parametric mapping

Statistical parametric mapping (SPM) is a framework and MATLAB package that applies statistical tests at every voxel of PET or fMRI data to map significant brain activity.

Statistical process control

Statistical process control, also known as statistical quality control, uses statistical techniques, especially control charts, to monitor and control processes, distinguishing ordinary variation from real change.

Statistical regions of Slovenia

The statistical regions of Slovenia, also called the Slovenian statistical regions, are the 12 units at NUTS 3 level used by the national statistics office for regional statistics.

Statistical relational learning

Statistical relational learning (SRL) is a branch of machine learning that combines probabilistic models with logical representations to learn and reason over structured, linked data such as networks and databases.

Statistical requirements in pharmaceutical regulatory submissions

Statistical requirements in pharmaceutical regulatory submissions are the quantitative analysis rules FDA, EMA, and ICH expect drug applications to follow for bioequivalence, stability, and CMC data.

Statistical review and misuse of statistics in medical research

Statistical review is the specialized checking of design, analysis, and reporting in medical research, introduced because poor statistical practices often go unnoticed by traditional peer reviewers.

Statistical shape model

A statistical shape model is a computational method representing the variability of anatomical or object shapes, used to segment structures in medical images via a mean shape and principal modes of variation.

Statistical significance

Statistical significance is a property of a hypothesis-testing result whose p-value falls below a threshold such as 0.05, conventionally set by R. A. Fisher in 1925.

Statistical societies and professional bodies

Statistical societies and professional bodies are organizations serving the statistics profession through journals, conferences, ethics codes, and accreditation, ranging from the International Statistical Institute to national bodies like the American Statistical Association.