All articles A–Z

Structure tensor

The structure tensor is a matrix in image processing that summarizes predominant gradient directions and their coherence in a neighborhood, used for edge and corner detection and optical flow.

Structure theorem for finitely generated modules over a principal ideal domain

The structure theorem for finitely generated modules over a principal ideal domain classifies every such module as a product of cyclic modules, generalizing the classification of finitely generated abelian groups.

Structure Therapeutics

Structure Therapeutics, formerly ShouTi Inc., is a clinical-stage biopharmaceutical company in South San Francisco developing oral small-molecule GPCR drugs; its lead candidate, aleniglipron, entered Phase 3 obesity trials in 2026.

Structure validation

Structure validation is the set of computational checks that assess whether a macromolecular model, determined experimentally or predicted, is plausible and consistent with both its data and known stereochemistry.

Oct 21, 2026

Structure-specific endonuclease subunit Slx4, HTH domain

Slx4 HTH domain (InterPro IPR018574, Pfam PF09494): conserved C-terminal helix-turn-helix domain of the Slx4 DNA repair scaffold that binds and activates the Slx1 endonuclease; residues 357-413 in S. pombe, 1754-1810 in human SLX4.

Structure–activity relationship

Structure–activity relationship (SAR) analysis relates the chemical structure of a series of compounds to their biological activity, underpinning lead optimization in drug discovery through quantitative QSAR models.

Structured abstract

A structured abstract is an article summary divided into labeled sections, such as Background, Methods, Results, and Conclusions, that arose in medical publishing in the late 1980s.

Structured analysis

Structured analysis is a software engineering method for building graphical models of a system's requirements and data flows, specifying what a system must do before any design decision.

Structured cabling

Structured cabling, also known as structured wiring, is a standardized, hierarchical way of organizing building network cables so changes need only a patch cord swap.

Structured Clinical Interview for DSM

The Structured Clinical Interview for DSM (SCID) is a semi-structured clinician interview that establishes psychiatric diagnoses using DSM criteria, long considered the research gold standard.

Oct 10, 2026

Structured entity

A structured entity is an entity whose control is directed by contractual arrangements rather than voting rights, a term the IASB introduced in IFRS 12.

Structured illumination microscopy

Structured illumination microscopy (SIM) is a super-resolution fluorescence microscopy method that doubles lateral resolution to about 100 nm, reported by M. G. L. Gustafsson in 2000.

Structured interview

A structured interview is a standardized data-collection method in which question wording, order, and scoring are fixed in advance, so answers can be compared systematically across participants, interviewers, and sites.

Structured light

Structured light is a 3D optical measurement technique in which a projector casts a known pattern onto an object and a camera recovers depth from the distortion.

Structured outputs

Structured outputs are a foundation-model technique in which decoding is constrained so output conforms to a developer-supplied schema, typically JSON Schema, by masking invalid tokens.

Structured population model

A structured population model is a mathematical model describing how populations change over time by tracking individuals grouped by age, body size, or life-cycle stage.

Structured prediction

Structured prediction, also called structured learning or structured-output learning, is a machine learning approach that predicts structured outputs such as sequences, trees, or graphs, seen in part-of-speech tagging and image segmentation.

Structured programming

Structured programming is a programming paradigm that builds programs from sequence, selection, and iteration instead of arbitrary go to jumps, making control flow evident from the text.

Structured State Space Sequence

The Structured State Space Sequence model (S4) is a 2021 deep learning architecture for sequence modeling that computes a state space layer as a recurrence or a convolution.

Structured-light 3D scanner

A structured-light 3D scanner is a non-contact imaging device that projects a known light pattern onto an object, captures its distortion with cameras, and recovers surface shape by triangulation.

Structures for lossless ion manipulations

Structures for lossless ion manipulations (SLIM) is an ion optical technology for mass spectrometry, developed by Richard D. Smith at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory and commercialized by MOBILion Systems.

Structuring

Structuring: splitting cash deposits or withdrawals to evade the $10,000 Currency Transaction Report threshold under the Bank Secrecy Act; criminalized by 31 U.S.C. 5324, subject to same-day aggregation rules and civil forfeiture.

Strudel

Strudel: Central European pastry of paper-thin stretched dough (Strudelteig) rolled around sweet or savory fillings; German for "whirlpool"; oldest recipe a 1696 Viennese Milchrahmstrudel; apple strudel is an Austrian national dish.

Struga (Струга)

Struga (Струга; Strugë) is a town in southwestern North Macedonia on the northern shore of Lake Ohrid, known as a city of poetry for its Struga Poetry Evenings festival.

Oct 22, 2026

Struga Poetry Evenings

The Struga Poetry Evenings (Струшки вечери на поезијата) is an international poetry festival held each August in Struga, North Macedonia, since 1961 and host of about 4,000 poets from 95 countries.

Struggle for existence

Struggle for existence: Darwin's term (Origin of Species, Chapter 3, 1859) for competition among organisms when more are born than survive, rooted in Malthus, later formalized by Gause and critiqued by Kropotkin's mutual aid.

Sep 25, 2026

Struggle for the Wey throne between Duke Chu of Wey and Kuai Kui

The struggle for the Wey throne between Duke Chu of Wey and Kuai Kui (卫出公与蒯聩父子争国) was a father-son contest for the Wey rulership in the late Spring and Autumn period.