All articles A–Z

Subconscious

The subconscious, or subconscious mind, is a popular and quasi-technical term for mental processes outside conscious awareness that still influence thought, feeling, and behavior, studied as unconscious or implicit processing.

Subcontractor

A subcontractor is a firm or person hired by a prime contractor, not the client, to perform part of the work the prime has promised to deliver.

Subconvexity problem

The subconvexity problem is the problem in analytic number theory of beating the convexity bound for L-functions by a power saving in the analytic conductor.

Subcooling

Subcooling, also called undercooling, is the number of degrees a liquid refrigerant is below its saturation temperature at the same pressure, measured in the liquid line.

Subcorneal pustular dermatosis

Subcorneal pustular dermatosis (Sneddon-Wilkinson disease) is a rare chronic neutrophilic skin disease with sterile subcorneal pustules on the trunk and flexures; dapsone is first-line treatment.

Subcortical band heterotopia

Subcortical band heterotopia (SBH, double cortex syndrome, subcortical laminar heterotopia): a neuronal migration disorder forming a gray-matter band beneath the cortex, mainly in females, caused by DCX or PAFAH1B1 mutations and part of the lissencephaly spectrum.

Subcostal transversus abdominis plane block

The subcostal transversus abdominis plane (SCTAP) block is an anesthesia technique that injects local anesthetic beneath the costal margin to numb the upper abdominal wall, used for surgery above the umbilicus such as cholecystectomy.

Subcritical water extraction

Subcritical water extraction (SWE) is a green technique that uses hot pressurized liquid water as the sole solvent, replacing organic solvents, to extract plant bioactives and pollutants.

SubCULTron

SubCULTron was an EU Horizon 2020 project, running from 2015 to 2019, that deployed a swarm of more than 120 underwater robots to monitor the Venice lagoon.

Subculture

Subculture: a smaller cultural group within a larger culture, with distinct values, practices, and styles; traced from the Chicago School's deviance studies to the Birmingham CCCS's symbolic resistance, Hebdige, subcultural capital, and post-subcultural debates.

Subcutaneous dirofilariasis

Subcutaneous dirofilariasis (ICD-11 1F66.4) is a zoonotic mosquito-borne filarial infection of humans, mainly by Dirofilaria repens in Europe, Asia, and Africa, causing migratory or nodular subcutaneous and ocular lesions treated by surgical excision.

Subcutaneous emphysema

Subcutaneous emphysema (surgical emphysema) is air trapped under the skin, causing swelling and crepitus. Causes include trauma, pneumothorax, infection, and dental, ENT, or thoracic procedures; usually self-limiting, resolving in 10-14 days.

Oct 20, 2026

Subcutaneous fat necrosis of the newborn

Subcutaneous fat necrosis of the newborn (SCFN, neonatal subcutaneous fat necrosis) is a rare self-limited panniculitis of term infants causing firm purple nodules, linked to asphyxia and therapeutic hypothermia, and complicated by hypercalcemia.

Subcutaneous immunotherapy

Subcutaneous immunotherapy (SCIT) is an allergy treatment injecting increasing allergen doses under the skin to induce immune tolerance, used for rhinitis, asthma, and venom allergy.

Subcutaneous implantable cardioverter-defibrillator

Subcutaneous implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (S-ICD), EMBLEM S-ICD: a defibrillator with a single lead entirely under the skin, no transvenous lead. PRAETORIAN showed noninferiority to transvenous ICDs; PRAETORIAN-XL showed 42% fewer major complications at 8 years; no antitachycardia pacing.

Subcutaneous implantation

Subcutaneous implantation is a bench-biology technique placing cells, biomaterials, or devices beneath the skin of mice or rats; its subcutaneous tumor model is the workhorse of preclinical cancer drug screening.

Subcutaneous infusion

Subcutaneous infusion, also called hypodermoclysis, is a method of delivering fluids or medications into subcutaneous tissue, used mainly for mild to moderate dehydration in older adults.

Subcutaneous injection

A subcutaneous injection delivers medication into fatty tissue beneath the skin, a less invasive route than intravenous dosing that can be performed at home and provides slower, sustained absorption.

Subcutaneous lipomatosis

Subcutaneous lipomatosis (ICD-11 EF02.1), also called benign symmetrical lipomatosis or Madelung disease, is diffuse infiltration of subcutaneous fat by non-encapsulated adipose tissue, including Dercum disease and congenital infiltrating forms.

Subcutaneous mastectomy

Subcutaneous mastectomy, also known as nipple-sparing mastectomy, is a surgical procedure that removes nearly all breast tissue while preserving the skin envelope and nipple-areola complex.

Subcutaneous mycoses

Subcutaneous mycoses (implantation mycoses, ICD-11 EA60.0) are chronic fungal infections of skin and subcutaneous tissue from traumatic inoculation, chiefly chromoblastomycosis, mycetoma, and sporotrichosis, mostly tropical and rarely systemic.

Subcutaneous panniculitis-like T-cell lymphoma

Subcutaneous panniculitis-like T-cell lymphoma is a rare cutaneous T-cell lymphoma that invades subcutaneous fat, forming nodules that resemble panniculitis and usually following an indolent course.

Subcutaneous tissue

Subcutaneous tissue (tela subcutanea, hypodermis, superficial fascia) is the loose connective and fatty layer beneath the dermis; it insulates, cushions, stores energy, and is the target of subcutaneous injections.

Subdermal implant

A subdermal implant is an object placed beneath the skin, covering hormonal contraceptive rods, RFID microchips, and silicone shapes for cosmetic or body modification purposes.

Subdirect product

A subdirect product is a subalgebra of a direct product of algebras that projects onto every factor, so each factor is a homomorphic image; introduced by Garrett Birkhoff in 1944, it underlies his subdirect representation theorem.

Sep 23, 2026

Subdistrict offices (jiedao banshichu)

Subdistrict offices (jiedao banshichu, 街道办事处) are dispatched organs that Chinese city districts set up to handle resident affairs and direct residents' committees, though not legally a level of government.

Subdivisions of England

Subdivisions of England: nine regions (1994), 317 local authorities in two-tier county/district or single-tier unitary, metropolitan borough, and London borough forms, plus wards and 10,480 parishes.

Subdivisions of Scotland

Subdivisions of Scotland: 32 unitary council areas since April 1996 (set by the 1994 Act), subdivided into 355 electoral wards and about 1,200 voluntary community councils; populations range from Glasgow City's 631,970 to Orkney's 22,000.

Subdivisions of Wales

Subdivisions of Wales: 22 single-tier unitary authorities (principal areas, Welsh Awdurdodau unedol) created 1 April 1996 by the Local Government (Wales) Act 1994, replacing 8 counties and 37 districts; subdivided into 762 electoral wards and 878 communities.