All articles A–Z

Sultanate of Mombasa

The Sultanate of Mombasa, called Mvita in Kiswahili, was a Swahili city-state on the East African coast, ruled by local dynasties, the Portuguese, and Omani Arabs until 1837.

Sultanate of Mysore: the 1761–1799 state under Haidar Ali and Tipu Sultan, a centralized, proto-modernizing South Indian power that fought four Anglo-Mysore wars against the East India Company and fell at Seringapatam in 1799.

Sultanate of Panduranga

The Sultanate of Panduranga, known to the Cham as Panduranga and to Vietnam as Tran Thuan Thanh, was the last Cham principality of Champa, annexed in 1832.

Sultanate of Pasir

The Sultanate of Pasir (Kesultanan Pasir, also written Paser) was a sultanate in what is now Paser Regency, East Kalimantan, Indonesia, whose sultans ruled from 1703 to 1906.

Sultanate of Patani

The Sultanate of Patani (Kesultanan Patani) was a Malay Muslim sultanate in southern Thailand, flourishing as a trading state before Siam annexed it in 1902.

Sultanate of Pidie

The Sultanate of Pidie, known in Portuguese sources as Pedir, was a pepper-trading port kingdom on Sumatra's north coast in present-day Aceh, absorbed by Aceh in 1521.

Sultanate of Raheita

The Sultanate of Raheita, also Raḥayta, was an Afar sultanate on the Red Sea coast of southern Eritrea, founded in the early 16th century from a division of Tadjoura.

Sultanate of Rum (سلجوقیان روم)

Sultanate of Rum (سلجوقیان روم), Seljuk-ruled state in Anatolia, ca. 1081–1308, capitals Nicaea then Konya; apogee under Kayqobad I, Mongol tributary after Köse Dağ 1243, ended 1308.

Sultanate of Shewa

The Sultanate of Shewa, also spelled Showa, was a medieval Muslim state in the central highlands of Ethiopia, ruled by the Makhzumi dynasty from about 896 to 1285.

Sultanate of Sulu

The Sultanate of Sulu was a maritime trading power in the southern Philippines that controlled the Sulu archipelago and parts of North Borneo at its height.

Sultanate of Sumenep

The Sumenep Sultanate was a kingdom on Madura island, East Java, Indonesia, traditionally founded in 1269 and abolished by the Dutch in the late 19th century.

Sultanate of Tadjoura

The Sultanate of Tadjoura was an Afar sultanate at the port of Tadjoura in present-day Djibouti, founded in the early 1600s and absorbed into French Somaliland.

Sultanate of Tazerwalt

The Sultanate of Tazerwalt (Tashelhit: ⵜⴰⵥⵔⵡⴰⵍⵜ; also Tazeroualt) was a maraboutic state founded in the seventeenth century in southern Morocco's Sus region, ruled from Iligh by the descendants of the saint Sidi Ahmad u Musa.

Sultanate of Ternate

The Sultanate of Ternate (Kesultanan Ternate) was an Islamic sultanate on Ternate island in North Maluku, Indonesia, founded in 1257 and dominant in the eastern spice trade.

Sultanate of Tidore

The Sultanate of Tidore (Kesultanan Tidore) was one of the two great rival sultanates of the Moluccas alongside Ternate, first ruled by Sultan Jamaluddin from 1495 to 1512.

Sultanate of Tuggurt

The Sultanate of Tuggurt was an oasis state in southeastern Algeria, ruled by the Banu Jallab dynasty from the fifteenth century until the French conquest in 1854.

Sultanate of Witu

The Sultanate of Witu, also spelled Vitu and known as Wituland, was a Swahili Muslim sultanate on the coast of present-day Kenya, founded in the mid-1800s.

Sultanate of Women

The Sultanate of Women (Turkish: Kadınlar Saltanatı) was a period of Ottoman history, roughly the mid-sixteenth to mid-seventeenth centuries, when the sultan's mother and chief consort exercised exceptional political power.

Sultanate of Yogyakarta

The Sultanate of Yogyakarta (Kesultanan Ngayogyakarta Hadiningrat) is a Javanese monarchy founded in 1755 by the Giyanti Treaty, which divided Mataram between Yogyakarta and Surakarta.

Sultanate of Zanzibar

Sultanate of Zanzibar (1856–1964), also called the Busaidi sultanate: Omani Arab monarchy on the Swahili coast, capital moved from Muscat in 1832, British protectorate 1890, ended by the 1964 revolution and union with Tanganyika as Tanzania.

Oct 21, 2026

Sultanbay Rakhmanov

Sultanbay Rakhmanov (Султанбай Сабурович Рахманов), Soviet super-heavyweight weightlifter born 1950 in Turtkul, Uzbekistan; 1980 Moscow Olympic champion (+110 kg, 440 kg total), world champion 1979 and 1980, later disabled-sports association president.

Sultanganj Buddha

The Sultanganj Buddha is an over-life-size cast copper standing Buddha made in India between 500 and 700, unearthed in 1861 or 1862 and shown in Birmingham since 1867.

Sep 19, 2026

Sultanhani inscription

The Sultanhani inscription is a Hieroglyphic Luwian text on a stone base and stele found near Sultanhanı in Kayseri province, Turkey, dedicated to the god Tarhunza by Sarwatiwara, a vassal of King Wasusarma of Tabal.

Sultanmakhmut Toraighyrov

Sultanmakhmut Toraighyrov (Сұлтанмахмұт Торайғыров, 1893–1920) was a Kazakh poet, novelist, and enlightenment democrat who died of tuberculosis at 26, leaving two novels, including Qamar sulu, and influential socially themed poetry.

Sultans of Swing

"Sultans of Swing" is Dire Straits' 1978 debut single, written by Mark Knopfler about a South London Dixieland pub band; it reached No. 4 in the US and No. 8 in the UK.

Sep 19, 2026

Sultantepe

Sultantepe is a large settlement mound in the Urfa plain of southern Turkey, about 10 miles from Şanlıurfa on the road to Harran, excavated in 1951 and 1952.

Sep 19, 2026

Sultantepe tablets

The Sultantepe tablets, also known as the Sultantepe archive, are about 400 Neo-Assyrian clay tablets found at Sultantepe between Urfa and Harran, excavated in 1951 and 1952.