edgepedia

All articles A–Z

519,064 articles

Sumitra Kulkarni (सुमित्रा कुलकर्णी)

Sumitra Kulkarni (सुमित्रा कुलकर्णी), born Sumitra Gandhi (1929), granddaughter of Mahatma Gandhi, IAS officer and Rajya Sabha member for Gujarat 1972–1978; not a Kannada film actress or Karnataka MLC.

Sumitra Mahajan (सुमित्रा महाजन)

Sumitra Mahajan (सुमित्रा महाजन), known as Tai, is a BJP politician, eight-term MP from Indore (1989-2019), Union Minister of State 1999-2004, and Speaker of the 16th Lok Sabha from 6 June 2014, the second woman in that post.

Sumitranandan Pant (सुमित्रानंदन पंत)

Sumitranandan Pant (सुमित्रानंदन पंत, 1900–1977), Hindi poet from Kausani, Uttarakhand; one of the four pillars of Chhayavad, wrote Veena, Pallav, Chidambara; Jnanpith 1968, Sahitya Akademi 1960.

Sumiyoshi Taisha

Sumiyoshi Taisha (住吉大社, Sumiyoshi Grand Shrine) is a Shinto shrine in Osaka, traditionally founded in 211 and known for its four National Treasure sanctuaries in the ancient sumiyoshi-zukuri style.

Sumiyoshi-kai (住吉会)

The Sumiyoshi-kai (住吉会) is Japan's second-largest designated yakuza group, headquartered in Akasaka, Tokyo, a Tokyo gambling-association federation descended from the Meiji-era Sumiyoshi-ikka, renamed in 1991.

Šumma ālu

Šumma ālu (Summa alu), short for ālu ina mēlê šakin, is a Mesopotamian text series of 120 tablets with over ten thousand omens observed within a city.

Summa contra Gentiles

Summa contra Gentiles, also titled On the Truth of the Catholic Faith, is Thomas Aquinas's four-book summa (c. 1259–1265) arguing the faith from natural reason in books 1–3 and revealed doctrine in book 4.

Šumma izbu

Šumma izbu (Summa izbu) is the Mesopotamian omen series on monstrous and malformed births, with 24 tablets of over 2,000 omens, best attested in Assurbanipal's library at Nineveh.

Šumma sinništu qaqqada rabât

Šumma sinništu qaqqada rabât ("If a woman has a big head") is a Mesopotamian physiognomic omen series, the fourth sub-series of the corpus Alamdimmû, reading a woman's body head to foot.

Summa Theologica

The Summa Theologica, also known as the Summa theologiae, is Thomas Aquinas's systematic compendium of Christian theology, written from 1265 to 1273 and left unfinished at his death in 1274.

Summary (law)

Summary (law): summary abatement, removal of a nuisance without judicial proceedings, sometimes without notice or hearing, grounded in common law and Lawton v. Steele, distinguished from administrative abatement.

Summary execution

Summary execution: killing as punishment without full due process, defined by UN Special Rapporteur Amos Wako, prohibited by the 1989 UN Principles on extra-legal, arbitrary and summary executions, with no superior-orders defense in war or emergency.

Summary judgment

Summary judgment: a civil procedure deciding a claim or issue without trial. U.S. federal Rule 56 requires no genuine dispute of material fact; UK CPR Part 24 uses the no-real-prospect test.

Summary Jurisdiction Act 1884

Summary Jurisdiction Act 1884 (47 & 48 Vict. c. 43), also the Summary Jurisdiction (Repeal) Act 1884: UK act of 7 August 1884 repealing obsolete pre-1884 procedure statutes for England and Wales and clarifying the definition of a court of summary jurisdiction.

Summary of Decameron tales

Summary of Decameron tales: day-by-day overview of Boccaccio's Decameron (Decameròn, Prencipe Galeotto), 100 novelle told over ten days by seven women and three men fleeing the 1348 plague, with day themes and famous tales.

Summary offence

A summary offence is a minor criminal offence tried only by a magistrate without a jury, as in England and Wales magistrates' courts, Canada's summary conviction offences, and Australia's Local Courts, with six-month prosecution time limits and reduced police powers.

Summation

Summation is the operation of adding a sequence of numbers or terms to produce a total called a sum, written compactly with sigma notation introduced by Euler in 1755.

Summation (neurophysiology)

Summation (neurophysiology): the combining of postsynaptic potentials in a neuron, via temporal summation from one input over time and spatial summation from multiple inputs, read out at the axon hillock; dendrites add linear, sublinear, and supralinear modes.

Summation by parts

Summation by parts (SBP) is a discrete analog of integration by parts: identities and finite-difference operators that shift a difference between factors, leaving boundary terms, used to prove stability.

Summative assessment

Summative assessment, also called assessment of learning, is the evaluation of student learning at the end of a course or school year, used for grades, promotion, and certification.

Summer

Summer is the warmest of the four temperate seasons, occurring when a hemisphere tilts toward the Sun; it spans June to August in the Northern Hemisphere.

Summer (Calvin Harris song)

"Summer" is a 2014 dance single by Scottish DJ Calvin Harris, written and produced by Harris (Adam Wiles), who sings on it for the first time since "Feel So Close"; it topped the UK chart and led his fourth album.

Summer and Autumn Flowers

Summer and Autumn Flowers (夏秋草図屏風) is a pair of two-panel folding screens of summer and autumn grasses on a silver ground, painted by Sakai Hōitsu around 1821.

Summer Bay

Summer Bay is the fictional New South Wales seaside town setting of the Seven Network soap opera Home and Away (since 1988), with exteriors filmed at Palm Beach, Sydney, 41 km from the CBD; nearby fictional towns include Yabbie Creek and Mangrove River.

Summer biathlon

Summer biathlon is the family of warm-weather biathlon formats combining endurance racing with .22 rifle or laser shooting, using roller skis, running shoes, or mountain bikes.

Summer biathlon world championships

IBU Summer Biathlon World Championships, the off-season biathlon title event, first held 1996 in Hochfilzen as running-and-shooting, rollerski-only since Duszniki Zdroj 2010, now biennial with Super Sprint, Sprint, and Pursuit.

Summer Bishil

Summer Bishil (Summer Yasmine Bishil), American actress born 1988 in Pasadena, California; breakout as Jasira in Towelhead (Independent Spirit Award nomination), best known as Margo Hanson on Syfy's The Magicians (2015–2020).

Summer Breeze (song)

"Summer Breeze" is a 1972 soft rock song by Seals & Crofts that became their commercial breakthrough; the Isley Brothers' funk-soul cover charted higher in Britain.

Summer Britcher

Summer Britcher (born 1994, Baltimore) is an American luger, four-time Winter Olympian (2014, 2018, 2022, 2026) and 2012 Youth Olympic team relay gold medalist, with a USA Luge-record seven World Cup singles wins.

Summer camp

Summer camp: supervised youth programs during summer break, day or residential; a largely North American invention traced to Frederick W. Gunn's 1861 Connecticut outing, first commercialized at Camp Chocorua in 1881.