All articles A–Z
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Supreme Court of Canada law clerks
Supreme Court of Canada law clerks are recent law graduates hired for one-year terms to research law and assist the nine justices, up to 27 each year.
Supreme Court of Canada reasons for judgment, 2001–2009
The Supreme Court of Canada reasons for judgment, 2001–2009, are the Court's written decisions under Chief Justice Beverley McLachlin, published in the Canada Supreme Court Reports with paragraph numbering.
Supreme Court of Canada reasons, 1993–2000 (Lamer Court)
The Supreme Court of Canada reasons, 1993–2000, cover the closing years of Chief Justice Antonio Lamer's tenure, including landmark decisions such as Delgamuukw v British Columbia and the Secession Reference.
Supreme Court of Canada reasons, 2010–2017
The Supreme Court of Canada reasons from 2010 to 2017 are the closing judgments of the McLachlin Court, an era of high consensus and landmark constitutional rulings.
Supreme Court of Ceylon under British rule
The Supreme Court of Ceylon was the highest court of British-ruled Ceylon, created by the Royal Charter of Justice of 1801 and abolished in 1972.
Supreme Court of Florida
The Supreme Court of Florida, also known as the Florida Supreme Court, is the state's highest court: seven justices in Tallahassee, appointed by the governor and subject to retention votes.
Supreme Court of Georgia (U.S. state)
Supreme Court of Georgia (U.S. state): highest state appellate court, established 1845, first session 1846 at Talbotton; nine justices, six-year nonpartisan terms, Governor fills vacancies; Chief Justice Nels S.D. Peterson since 2025; exclusive jurisdiction over death penalty, elections, constitutional cases.
Supreme Court of India (भारत का उच्चतम् न्यायालय)
Supreme Court of India (भारत का उच्चतम् न्यायालय), the apex constitutional court under Article 124, established 26 January 1950, successor to the Federal Court; original, appellate, and advisory jurisdiction, collegium appointments, and 2026 expansion to 37 judges.
Supreme Court of Israel (בית המשפט העליון)
Supreme Court of Israel (בית המשפט העליון), also High Court of Justice (Bagatz): Israel's highest appellate court since 1948, sitting in Jerusalem under President Isaac Amit; it performs judicial review of Basic Laws and is the focus of the 2023 judicial overhaul conflict.
Supreme Court of Judicature (Japan)
The Supreme Court of Judicature (大審院, Daishin'in) was Japan's highest court from 1875 to 1947, the apex of the ordinary courts under the Meiji Constitution, abolished in May 1947.
Supreme Court of Judicature at Fort William
Supreme Court of Judicature at Fort William, Calcutta's first Crown court, established by the 1774 Charter under the Regulating Act 1773 with Chief Justice and three judges; abolished by the Indian High Courts Act 1861.
Supreme Court of Justice of the Nation
Suprema Corte de Justicia de la Nación (SCJN), Mexico's Supreme Court: nine popularly elected ministers (June 1, 2025 election) led by Hugo Aguilar Ortiz, headquartered in Mexico City, with all jurisdiction consolidated in a single Pleno after the 2024 judicial reform.
Supreme Court of Kenya
The Supreme Court of Kenya, established under Article 163 of the 2010 Constitution, is Kenya's highest court and final arbiter of constitutional interpretation, holding exclusive original jurisdiction over presidential election petitions, which it must decide within 14 days of filing.
Supreme Court of New South Wales
Supreme Court of New South Wales: NSW's superior court, established 17 May 1824 under the Third Charter of Justice. Governed by the Supreme Court Act 1970; Court of Appeal, Court of Criminal Appeal, Common Law and Equity Divisions.
Supreme Court of Ohio
Supreme Court of Ohio: the state's court of last resort, seven justices (chief justice Sharon L. Kennedy plus six) elected to six-year terms, with mandatory death-penalty and constitutional appeals, writ jurisdiction, and bar-regulation authority.
Supreme Court of Pakistan (سپریم کورٹ آف پاکستان)
Supreme Court of Pakistan (سپریم کورٹ آف پاکستان), the apex court under Part VII of the 1973 Constitution: Articles 184–186A jurisdiction, suo motu removed by the 26th Amendment, Federal Constitutional Court created by the 27th, Chief Justice Yahya Afridi.
Supreme Court of Pennsylvania
The Supreme Court of Pennsylvania is the state's court of last resort and the oldest appellate court in the United States, dating to 1684 and permanent from 1722. Seven justices serve ten-year terms won in partisan elections, then face yes-or-no retention votes until mandatory retirement at 75.
Supreme Court of Queensland
The Supreme Court of Queensland, also called the Queensland Supreme Court, is the state's superior court of record, with a Trial Division and Court of Appeal, four regional judges, and jurisdiction over serious criminal and civil matters.
Supreme Court of Texas
Supreme Court of Texas: the state's court of last resort for civil matters, nine justices (chief justice plus eight) elected to staggered six-year terms in Austin; distinct from the Texas Court of Criminal Appeals.
Supreme Court of the Gold Coast
The Supreme Court of the Gold Coast was the principal British colonial court of the Gold Coast, established in 1876 and lasting until Ghana's independence in 1957.
Supreme Court of the Philippines
The Supreme Court of the Philippines (Korte Suprema) is the highest court, composed of a Chief Justice and 14 Associate Justices appointed by the President from Judicial and Bar Council lists, holding office until age 70, with expanded judicial review under the 1987 Constitution.
Supreme Court of the Republic of China (最高法院)
The Supreme Court of the Republic of China (最高法院) is Taiwan's final civil and criminal appellate court in Taipei, reviewing law only, with Grand Chamber panels since 2019 unifying legal interpretations after abolishing precedents and resolutions.
Supreme Court of the United Kingdom
The Supreme Court of the United Kingdom (UKSC), the UK's highest appeal court since October 2009 under the Constitutional Reform Act 2005, replacing the House of Lords' Appellate Committee; 12 Justices sit at the Middlesex Guildhall, hearing civil appeals UK-wide, criminal appeals from England, Wales and Northern Ireland, and devolution issues.
Supreme Court of the United States
The Supreme Court of the United States, shaped by the Judiciary Act of 1789 and first assembled in 1790, is the highest U.S. court: nine life-tenured Justices, in its own building since 1935, now at record-low public approval.
Supreme Court of the United States customs and traditions
The customs and traditions of the US Supreme Court are the rituals shaping how the nine Justices work, including the daily handshake, black robes, two oaths, and secret conferences.
Supreme Court of the United States moves into its own building (1935)
The Supreme Court of the United States moved into its own building in 1935, ending more than a century of meeting inside the Capitol, a campaign led by Chief Justice Taft.
Supreme Court of the United States term opinions before 1990
The Supreme Court of the United States term opinions before 1990 records the Court's written opinions through October Term 1989, published in the United States Reports.
Supreme Court of the United States under Jay, Rutledge, and Ellsworth (1790–1801)
The Supreme Court of the United States under Jay, Rutledge, and Ellsworth was the Court's first decade, from 1790 to 1801, deciding about sixty cases and provoking the Eleventh Amendment.
Supreme Court of Victoria
The Supreme Court of Victoria is the highest court in the Australian state of Victoria, with Trial Division and Court of Appeal; only the High Court of Australia can review its decisions.
Supreme Court Police
Supreme Court Police (SCUSPD), the U.S. Supreme Court's own police force at 1 First Street NE, Washington, DC; under 40 U.S.C. §6121 it polices the Court building and grounds and protects the Justices anywhere.