All articles A–Z
519,064 articles
Afflicted (film)
Afflicted (2013) is a Canadian found-footage horror film directed by and starring Clif Prowse and Derek Lee, about a world trip turned vampiric infection; premiered at TIFF 2013, won Fantastic Fest horror awards, released by CBS Films in 2014.
Affliction (1997 film)
Affliction is a 1997 drama directed and written by Paul Schrader from Russell Banks's novel, starring Nick Nolte as a unraveling New Hampshire cop, with James Coburn winning the Best Supporting Actor Oscar; premiered at Venice 1997, released by Lionsgate in 1998-99.
Affluence in the United States
Affluence in the United States describes households in the top 10 percent by income, about $210,000 or more, or by net worth, about $1.8 million or more.
Affluenza
Affluenza, a blend of affluence and influenza, is a popular term for the psychological and behavioral harms of wealth and overconsumption, known through the 2001 de Graaf book and the Ethan Couch affluenza defense.
Affonso Romano de Sant'Anna
Affonso Romano de Sant'Anna, born in 1937, is a Brazilian poet, critic, and chronicler, author of more than sixty books and member of the Generation of 60.
Affordable Care Act
Affordable Care Act (ACA, Obamacare), P.L. 111-148, signed March 23, 2010: US health reform law with essential health benefits, Medicaid expansion, and marketplace premium tax credits; enhanced subsidies expired end of 2025, cutting enrollment from 21.8 to 19.2 million.
Affordable housing
Affordable housing is housing costing occupants no more than 30 percent of income, per HUD's benchmark. Covers cost burden categories, LIHTC, vouchers, public housing history, zoning effects, and the 2026 ROAD to Housing Act.
Affordance
An affordance is a possibility for action that an environment offers an animal, relative to its capabilities, a concept coined by psychologist James J. Gibson in 1979.
Affordaplane
The Affordaplane is an American single-seat ultralight aircraft designed by Dave Edwards of Riverview, Florida, first flown in 1999 and sold as plans for amateur builders.
Afforestation
Afforestation: establishing forest on land long without forest, distinct from reforestation. FAO definition, carbon and water trade-offs, measured ecosystem service effects in China, Tibet, and boreal lands.
Affray
Affray is a public order offence of using or threatening unlawful violence that would make a person of reasonable firmness fear for their safety; statutory in England and Wales (3 years), NSW (10 years), common law in Hong Kong (7 years).
Affreightment
Affreightment is the contract by which a shipowner undertakes to carry goods by sea for payment of freight, taking the form of a charterparty or bill of lading.
Affymetrix
Affymetrix was a Santa Clara, California genomics company that commercialized the GeneChip DNA microarray and was acquired by Thermo Fisher Scientific in 2016 for about $1.3 billion.
Afgan
Afgan (Afgansyah Reza) is an Indonesian pop singer born in Jakarta in 1989 who debuted in 2008, has released seven studio albums, and passed one billion Spotify streams by 2025.
Afghan afghani
The Afghan afghani is the official currency of Afghanistan, issued by Da Afghanistan Bank, which has seen its reserves frozen since 2021 yet the currency appreciate since 2023.
Afghan Air Force (نیروی هوایی افغانستان)
Afghan Air Force (نیروی هوایی افغانستان), air branch of the ANDSF alongside the Special Mission Wing; rebuilt with over $8.5 billion in U.S. support since 2010, dependent on U.S. contractors, and collapsed in August 2021 after the withdrawal.
Afghan Armed Forces
The Afghan Armed Forces (ANDSF): the Afghan National Army, National Police, and Air Force rebuilt after 2001 with nearly $90 billion in U.S. assistance, collapsed in August 2021 when the Taliban took Kabul.
Afghan Civil War (1928–1929)
The Afghan Civil War of 1928–1929, the Saqqawist revolt, ended King Amanullah's reformist rule; Tajik rebel Habibullah Kalakani (Bacha-ye Saqao) seized Kabul in January 1929 and was replaced by Nadir Shah in October 1929.
Afghan Civil War (1992–1996)
The Afghan Civil War (1992–1996), the intra-mujahideen war after Najibullah's fall, pitted Rabbani, Massoud, Hekmatyar, and Dostum against each other until the Taliban took Kabul in September 1996.
Afghan Civil War (1996–2001)
The Afghan Civil War (1996–2001) pitted the Taliban's Islamic Emirate, which took Kabul in September 1996 and controlled about 90 percent of Afghanistan, against the United Front (Northern Alliance) of the ousted Islamic State of Afghanistan, ending with the U.S.-led invasion of October 2001.
Afghan Commando Forces
Afghan Commando Forces: the Ranger-style commando battalions (kandaks) of the Afghan National Army Special Operations Command, the ANDSF's primary offensive force, overused by conventional commanders, and dissolved after the 2021 collapse.
Afghan conquest of Odisha
The Afghan conquest of Odisha was the 1568 overthrow of Odisha's last independent Hindu kingdom by the Bengal Sultanate under Sultan Sulaiman Karrani, ending Mukunda Deva's rule.
Afghan cricket team in Bangladesh in 2016–17
The Afghan cricket team in Bangladesh in 2016–17 was a three-match ODI series played in Dhaka in September and October 2016, which Bangladesh won 2–1.
Afghan cuisine
Afghan cuisine, the traditional cooking of Afghanistan, blends Persian, Central Asian, Turkic, and South Asian traditions; known for qabuli palau (national dish), mantu dumplings, naan, kebabs, aromatic rather than fiery spicing, and deep hospitality customs.
Afghan Girl
Afghan Girl is Steve McCurry's 1984 portrait of Sharbat Gula, a Pashtun refugee child, taken at Nasir Bagh camp near Peshawar and published on the June 1985 National Geographic cover; she was identified in 2002 via iris and FBI facial analysis, deported from Pakistan in 2016, and evacuated to Italy in 2021.
Afghan Hound
Afghan Hound (Tazi): an ancient sighthound from Afghanistan with a long silky coat, top knot, and aloof, dignified temperament; AKC-recognized 1926, FCI Group 10, first cloned dog Snuppy 2005.
Afghan mujahidin
Afghan mujahidin: Islamic guerrilla fighters who waged jihad against Afghanistan's PDPA government and Soviet occupation (1979-1989), armed chiefly through Pakistan's ISI with U.S. and Saudi aid; their 1992 victory collapsed into civil war, from which the Taliban and global jihadi networks emerged.
Afghan peace process
The Afghan peace process centered on the February 2020 US-Taliban Doha agreement, a withdrawal timetable with Taliban counterterrorism guarantees, and stalled intra-Afghan talks that ended with the 2021 Taliban takeover.
Afghan Qizilbash
Afghan Qizilbash (Qızılbaş) are a Shi'a Muslim ethnic group of Afghanistan, descended from Turkoman-Persian garrison troops settled in Kabul by Nader Shah in 1738; they served the Durrani rulers and are one of the 14 ethnic groups in the 2004 constitution.
Afghan refugees
Afghan refugees are nationals of Afghanistan who fled, mainly to Iran and Pakistan, after the 1978 coup and 1979 Soviet invasion, in one of the world's largest displacements.