All articles A–Z
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Al-Musta'in II of Zaragoza
Al-Musta'in II of Zaragoza (المستعين بن هود), personal name Ahmad ibn Yusuf ibn Hud, ruled the taifa of Zaragoza from 1085 until he was killed fighting the Aragonese in 1110.
al-Musta'li
al-Musta'li (المستعلي بالله) was a Fatimid caliph of Egypt who reigned from 1094 to 1101. Placed on the throne by the vizier al-Afdal, his accession permanently split the Ismailis into Musta'lian and Nizari branches.
al-Musta'sim
Al-Musta'sim (المستعصم بالله) was the last Abbasid caliph resident in Baghdad, reigning from 1242 until Hulegu Khan had him killed during the Mongol siege of 1258.
al-Mustadi'
Al-Mustadi' (al-Mustadi' bi-Amr Allah), also known as al-Hasan, was an Abbasid caliph who governed Baghdad from 1170 to 1180 CE amid regional political shifts.
al-Mustakfi
Al-Mustakfi (المستكفي), in full Abu'l-Qasim Abd Allah, was the Abbasid caliph in Baghdad from 944 to 946, deposed by the Buyid ruler Mu'izz al-Dawla in 946.
al-Mustakfi I
Al-Mustakfi I (المستكفي بالله), personal name Abu al-Rabi'a Sulayman, was the third Abbasid caliph of Cairo under Mamluk rule, a largely ceremonial figurehead from 1302 until his death in 1340.
al-Mustakfi II
al-Mustakfi II (المستكفي بالله الثاني) was the twelfth of the eighteen Abbasid caliphs of Cairo, reigning from 1441 to 1451 under the Mamluk sultan al-Zahir Jaqmaq, a largely ceremonial office.
Al-Mustamsik
Al-Mustamsik (المستمسك بالله) was an Abbasid caliph of Cairo under the Mamluk Sultanate, who reigned jointly with his son al-Mutawakkil III during the Ottoman conquest of 1516 to 1517.
al-Mustanjid
Al-Mustanjid (المستنجد بالله), personal name Yusuf, was the Abbasid caliph in Baghdad from 1160 to 1170, succeeding his father al-Muqtafi and known for abolishing the unlawful mukus taxes throughout Iraq.
al-Mustanjid (Cairo)
Al-Mustanjid billah was an Abbasid caliph of Cairo under Mamluk rule from 1455 to 1479, a 24-year reign granting religious sanction to the sultans; he succeeded al-Qa'im bi-amr Allah.
al-Mustansir
Al-Mustansir (المستنصر بالله) was an Abbasid caliph of Baghdad who reigned from 1226 to 1242, succeeded his father al-Zahir, and founded Baghdad's Mustansiriyya madrasa before being succeeded by his son al-Musta'sim.
al-Mustansir Billah
Al-Mustansir Billah, personal name Ma'add Abu Tamim, was the eighth Fatimid caliph-imam, ruling from 1036 to 1094 in the longest reign of any Muslim ruler.
Al-Mustansir II
Al-Mustansir II (المستنصر الثاني) was an Abbasid caliph installed in Cairo by the Mamluk sultan Baybars in 1261 after the Mongol destruction of Baghdad, founding the Abbasid line of Cairo that lasted until 1517.
al-Mustarshid
Al-Mustarshid (المسترشد بالله) was the Abbasid caliph of Baghdad from 1118 to 1135 who built an independent army, expanded caliphal power, and was murdered in Seljuk custody.
Al-Mustatraf
Al-Mustatraf (المستطرف في كل فن مستظرف) is a fifteenth-century Arabic adab encyclopedia by the Egyptian scholar Shihab al-Din al-Ibshihi, gathering anecdotes, proverbs, and poetry into 84 chapters.
al-Mustazhir
Al-Mustazhir (المستظهر), in full Abu'l-Abbas Ahmad al-Mustazhir billah, was the Abbasid caliph in Baghdad during the First Crusade and Seljuk division, succeeded by his son al-Mustarshid.
Al-Mutanabbi (المتنبي)
Al-Mutanabbi (المتنبي), Abu al-Tayyib Ahmad ibn al-Husayn, 915–965, Kufa-born Abbasid poet, greatest of the fourth century AH; court poet of Sayf al-Dawla in Aleppo for nine years, later praised and satirized Kafur; killed near Dayr al-Aqul.
Al-Mutanabbi Street
Al-Mutanabbi Street (شارع المتنبي) is a street in central Baghdad, named in 1932 after the tenth-century poet al-Mutanabbi, that serves as the city's principal book market, busiest on Fridays.
al-Mutawakkil
Al-Mutawakkil (المتوكل) was an Abbasid caliph who reigned in Samarra from 847 until his murder in 861; he ended the mihna and was killed by Turkish officers.
Al-Mutawakkil Ahmad ibn Sulayman
Al-Mutawakkil Ahmad ibn Sulayman (المتوكل أحمد بن سليمان) was a Zaydi imam of Yemen who claimed the imamate in 1137 and revived Zaydi rule in the highlands.
al-Mutawakkil I
Al-Mutawakkil I was an Abbasid caliph of Cairo under Mamluk rule, reigning from 1362 to 1383 and 1389 to 1406, who thrice refused offers of the sultanate.
al-Mutawakkil II
al-Mutawakkil II was an Abbasid caliph of Cairo under Mamluk rule from 1479 to 1497, sent the first known Abbasid caliph's letter to a pope in 1481.
al-Mutawakkil III
Al-Mutawakkil III (محمد المتوكل على الله) was the last Abbasid caliph of Cairo, reigning from 1508 to 1517 under Mamluk suzerainty until Selim I conquered Egypt.
Al-Mutawakkil Isma'il
Al-Mutawakkil Isma'il (المتوكل إسماعيل) was a Zaydi imam of Yemen of the Qasimid dynasty whose reign from 1644 to 1676 saw the state's greatest territorial extent.
al-Mutawakkil Yahya Sharaf al-Din
al-Mutawakkil Yahya Sharaf al-Din (المتوكل يحيى شرف الدين) was a Zaydi imam who ruled most of Yemen from 1517 until his death in 1557 or 1558.
Al-Mutawwa'i
Al-Mutawwa'i (المطوعي) was a Sunni Quran reader and hadith transmitter who lived at Istakhr in southern Persia and died in 371 AH (982 CE), titled Shaykh al-Qurra'.
al-Muthanna ibn Haritha
Al-Muthanna ibn Haritha (المثنى بن حارثة) was an Arab chief of the Banu Shayban in Iraq who led the first Muslim raids into Persian territory.
al-Muti'
Al-Muti' (al-Muṭīʿ li-'llāh), in person Abu 'l-Qasim al-Fadl, was an Abbasid caliph reigning in Baghdad from 946 to 974 with power held by the Buyids.
al-Muttaqi
Al-Muttaqi (المتقي), in full Abu Ishaq Ibrahim ibn al-Muqtadir, was the twenty-first Abbasid caliph, reigning in Baghdad from 940 to 944 until deposed and blinded by Tuzun.
Al-Muttaqi al-Hindi and Kanz al-Ummal
Ala al-Din Ali al-Muttaqi al-Hindi (المتقي الهندي) was a hadith scholar, born in Burhanpur in 1480, who died in 1567 and is best known for compiling Kanz al-Ummal, a hadith collection of about 46,000 reports.