All articles A–Z
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Albrecht Ritschl
Albrecht Ritschl (1822–1889) was a German Lutheran theologian, professor at Bonn and Göttingen, and founder of the Ritschlian school that shaped late nineteenth-century Protestant theology.
Albrecht Thoma
Albrecht Thoma (1844–1915) was a German Evangelical theologian, pastor, and writer, best known for his 1900 biography of Katharina von Bora and a study of the Gospel of John.
Albrecht Unsöld
Albrecht Unsöld (1905–1995) was a German astrophysicist at the University of Kiel who determined the first reliable chemical composition of a star other than the Sun.
Albrecht von Wallenstein
Albrecht von Wallenstein (Waldstein), 1583–1634, Bohemian military entrepreneur and imperial generalissimo under Ferdinand II in the Thirty Years War; built a 100,000-man army on the contribution system, became Duke of Friedland and Mecklenburg, and was assassinated at Eger in 1634.
Albufeira
Albufeira, Al-Buhera, is a central Algarve municipality in southern Portugal: 140.66 km², 44,164 residents (2021), four parishes, a Roman and Moorish past, and a tourism economy swelling to about 400,000 in season.
Albula vulpes
Albula vulpes, the bonefish (macabí), is a western Atlantic silvery flats fish of Albulidae, described by Linnaeus in 1758. It reaches about 104 cm, spawns in offshore aggregations of 2,000–5,000 fish, is IUCN Near Threatened, and anchors valuable catch-and-release sport fisheries.
Albulena Haxhiu
Albulena Haxhiu is a Kosovo politician of the Vetëvendosje party who serves as Speaker of the Assembly of Kosovo and as Acting President of Kosovo.
Album
Album: a collection of music released as a single item; also called LP or record album. Defined by the 1948 Columbia 33 1/3 rpm LP, later CD, and streaming-era track-count rules (7+ tracks).
Album cover
Album cover: the square printed or digital artwork wrapping a music release. Originated with Alex Steinweiss's Columbia Records designs in 1939-1940; functions as protection, advertisement, paratext, and collectible; now standardized at 3000x3000 pixels for streaming.
Album leaf
An album leaf (册页, cè yè) is a small Chinese painting or calligraphy mounted as a page in a book-like album, flourishing in the Ming and Qing.
Album of Flowers, Birds, and Insects
Album of Flowers, Birds, and Insects (花鸟草虫册) is a Chinese album format of close-up studies of flowers, birds, and insects, brought to classical form by painter Yun Shouping.
Album of Genre Paintings
The Album of Genre Paintings (Danwon pungsokdocheop) is a set of 25 genre paintings by Joseon painter Kim Hongdo, held in Seoul and designated a Treasure.
Album of Genre Paintings by Sin Yun-bok
Hyewon Pungsokdo (혜원풍속도), fully Hyewon jeonsin cheop, is a 30-leaf album of late Joseon genre paintings by Shin Yun-bok, held at the Kansong Art Museum and designated National Treasure No. 135.
Album-equivalent unit
Album-equivalent unit (AEU): the music-industry measure combining album sales, track-equivalent albums (10 tracks = 1) and streaming-equivalent albums (1,250 paid / 3,750 ad-supported streams; 1,000 / 2,500 from 2026) used to rank the Billboard 200, RIAA certifications and IFPI global charts.
Album-oriented rock
Album-oriented rock (AOR, originally album-oriented radio) is a US FM radio format from the late 1960s playing rock album tracks and deep cuts instead of Top 40 singles; it peaked in the 1970s, helped shift listeners from AM to FM, and evolved into classic rock radio in the 1980s. Distinct from adult-oriented rock, which shares the initialism.
Albumedix
Albumedix, formerly Novozymes' biopharma unit and independent from 2016, is a Nottingham manufacturer of recombinant human albumin sold as Recombumin, acquired by Sartorius in 2022 for about £415 million.
Albumen print
The albumen print is a photographic printing process introduced in 1850 by Louis Désiré Blanquart-Evrard, using egg-white-coated paper sensitized with silver nitrate; it dominated printing from the 1850s to the 1890s.
Albumentations
Albumentations is an open-source Python library for image augmentation, introduced in 2018, which applies fast, label-preserving transformations such as flips, rotations, and brightness changes to enlarge and diversify training datasets for computer vision.
Albumin
Albumin (serum albumin, human serum albumin, HSA) is the most abundant plasma protein, 3.5-5 g/dL, made by hepatocytes, a drug carrier and volume expander whose mortality benefit in critical care is unproven.
Albumin I
Albumin I (IPR012512, Pfam PF08027) is a legume-specific plant protein family of small cysteine-rich seed peptides, including the pea insecticidal toxin PA1b and soybean Leginsulin, unrelated to serum albumin.
Albumin–bilirubin score
The albumin–bilirubin (ALBI) score is an objective measure of liver function combining serum albumin and bilirubin, used to assess prognosis and guide treatment in chronic liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma.
Albumin, iodinated i 125 serum
Albumin, iodinated I 125 serum (125I-HSA, RISA-125, Jeanatope) is human serum albumin labeled with iodine-125, a diagnostic radiopharmaceutical (ATC V09GB02) for plasma and blood volume measurement, now largely replaced by 99mTc-albumin.
Albumin, iodinated i 131 serum
Albumin, iodinated i 131 serum (RISA, iodinated 131I human serum albumin, INN 2804) is a diagnostic radiopharmaceutical of human serum albumin labeled with iodine-131, used for blood and plasma volume, cardiac output, and blood-pool imaging; first commercial radiopharmaceutical (Abbott, 1950).
Albuminuria
Albuminuria: abnormally high urinary albumin excretion, formerly microalbuminuria/macroalbuminuria. Marker of glomerular or tubular kidney damage; UACR ≥30 mg/g defines CKD and predicts kidney and cardiovascular risk.
Albuquerque Academy
Albuquerque Academy is an independent, non-denominational day school in Albuquerque, New Mexico, founded in 1955 and serving about 1,200 students in grades six through twelve.
Albuquerque International Balloon Fiesta
Albuquerque International Balloon Fiesta, the world's largest ballooning event, held each October in Albuquerque, New Mexico since 1972. Began with 13 balloons at Coronado Center Mall; now about 600 balloons at Balloon Fiesta Park, famous for the Albuquerque box wind pattern.
Albuquerque International Sunport
Albuquerque International Sunport (ABQ) is New Mexico's largest commercial airport, a city-owned facility southeast of Albuquerque that shares its runways with Kirtland Air Force Base.
Albuquerque Isotopes
Albuquerque Isotopes, Triple-A Pacific Coast League baseball team in Albuquerque, New Mexico, Colorado Rockies affiliate since 2015; founded 2003 from the Calgary Cannons, named for a Simpsons episode and the city's nuclear science heritage, playing at Isotopes Park.
Albuquerque, New Mexico
Albuquerque, New Mexico: largest New Mexico city, founded 1706 as Villa de Alburquerque; 564,559 residents (2020), Rio Grande valley, Sandia National Laboratories, Kirtland AFB, Route 66 heritage.
Alburnus alburnus
Alburnus alburnus, the bleak or common bleak, is a small silvery leuciscid fish native to European and west Asian fresh waters, introduced widely as forage and bait, and an invasive species in Iberia, North Africa, and Siberia.