All articles A–Z
519,064 articles
Diquark
A diquark is a correlated pair of quarks inside a hadron, treated as a single building block in quantum chromodynamics, though it cannot exist in isolation.
Diquat
Diquat (1,1′-ethylene-2,2′-bipyridinium; diquat dibromide, Reglone) is a bipyridyl contact herbicide, desiccant, and aquatic algaecide; less toxic than paraquat, kidney-targeting, no antidote.
Dir En Grey
Dir En Grey (ディル・アン・グレイ) is a Japanese heavy metal band formed in Osaka in 1997 from La:Sadie's, with Kyo, Kaoru, Die, Toshiya, and Shinya; twelve albums from Gauze to MORTAL DOWNER (2026) and major US and European touring.
Dirac delta function
The Dirac delta function, or unit impulse, is a mathematical object that is zero everywhere except at one point and integrates to one, rigorously defined as a distribution.
Dirac equation
The Dirac equation is a relativistic wave equation for spin-1/2 particles, written by Paul Dirac in 1928, whose negative-energy solutions predicted antimatter, confirmed in 1932.
Dirac fermion
A Dirac fermion is a quasiparticle in a crystal whose energy depends linearly on momentum near a Dirac point, as in graphene and topological insulators.
Dirac fluid
The Dirac fluid in graphene is a strongly interacting electron-hole plasma that forms near charge neutrality and violates the Wiedemann-Franz law, first observed in 2016.
Dirac magnon
A Dirac magnon is a bosonic spin-wave excitation in magnetically ordered crystals whose magnon bands cross linearly, the magnon analog of the Dirac cones of electrons in graphene.
Dirac neutrino
A Dirac neutrino is a massive neutrino that exists as a particle distinct from its antiparticle, in contrast to a Majorana neutrino, where neutrino and antineutrino are the same particle.
Dirac plasmons
Dirac plasmons are collective, quantized oscillations of charge carriers in materials with linear, Dirac-like band structure, such as graphene, topological-insulator surface states, and Dirac or Weyl semimetals, operating in the terahertz and mid-infrared ranges.
Dirac plasmons in topological insulators
Dirac plasmons in topological insulators are collective charge-density oscillations of the massless, spin-polarized surface electrons of 3D topological insulators, first observed in Bi2Se3 micro-ribbons and studied for terahertz devices.
Dirac semimetal
A Dirac semimetal is a 3D crystalline material whose conduction and valence bands touch at isolated Dirac points, where electrons disperse linearly like massless Dirac fermions.
Dirac vortex
A Dirac vortex is a topological defect in a two-dimensional lattice where a Dirac mass winds around a point, binding a robust localized zero mode.
Dirac–Fock method
The Dirac–Fock method is a self-consistent-field technique for calculating the electronic structure of atoms and molecules; the relativistic extension of Hartree–Fock, it has been widely applied since the 1970s.
Diradical
A diradical is a molecular species carrying two unpaired electrons, with singlet and triplet electronic states; IUPAC's example is propane-1,3-diyl, and dioxygen is a diradical.
Diran Apelian
Diran Apelian is an American materials engineer, Distinguished Professor at UC Irvine, known for solidification processing, powder metallurgy, and the aluminum alloys in the Audi A8.
Dirar ibn Amr
Dirar ibn Amr (ضرار بن عمرو) was an Arab kalam theologian of the early Abbasid caliphate, born in Kufa and active in Basra under Harun al-Rashid, whose followers formed the Dirariyya.
Diraz
Diraz (ad-Diraz) is a village and archaeological site on Bahrain's northwest coast, known for a Dilmun-period temple probably built in the early 2nd millennium BCE, partly excavated in 1973–75.
Diraz Temple
Diraz Temple (معبد الدراز) is a Dilmun-period temple at Diraz in northern Bahrain, probably built in the early 2nd millennium BCE and partly excavated by a British expedition in 1973–75.
Dirck Volckertszoon Coornhert
Dirck Volckertszoon Coornhert (1522–1590) was a Dutch humanist, theologian, poet, and engraver who argued for religious tolerance and wrote the first ethics published in Dutch.
Dire Dawa (city)
Dire Dawa (ድሬዳዋ), Ethiopia's second most populous city and one of two chartered cities, founded 1902 on the Addis Ababa–Djibouti railway; a trade-corridor hub with dry port, industrial park, and Kezira and Megala districts.
Dire Dawa (district)
Dire Dawa (ድሬዳዋ) district: one of Ethiopia's two federally chartered self-governing cities, alongside Addis Ababa, under Proclamation 416/2003; second largest city, 40:40:20 ethnic quota, on the Addis-Djibouti corridor.
Dire Straits
Dire Straits is a British rock band formed in Deptford, London in 1977 by Mark Knopfler, known for restrained arrangements and his fingerstyle guitar playing.
Dire Straits (album)
Dire Straits (1978) is the self-titled debut album by the British rock band Dire Straits, recorded at Basing Street Studios, produced by Muff Winwood, containing "Sultans of Swing", peaking at UK number 5.
Dire Tune
Dire Tune Arissi (born 1985), Ethiopian marathon runner; 2008 Boston Marathon champion and women's one-hour world record holder (18,517 m, 2008-2020); marathon best 2:23:44.
Dire wolf
The dire wolf (Aenocyon dirus, formerly Canis dirus) was a large extinct canid that lived in North and South America during the Pleistocene and died out roughly 10,000 to 13,000 years ago.
Dirección de Vialidad
Dirección de Vialidad (Directorate of Roadways) is the road agency of Chile's Ministry of Public Works, created in 1953 to plan, build, and maintain roads outside the concession system.
Dirección Federal de Seguridad
Dirección Federal de Seguridad (DFS), Mexico's federal political police and domestic intelligence agency, 1947–1985, under the Secretaría de Gobernación; Dirty War repression, Brigada Blanca, dissolved 1985, succeeded by CISEN.
Dirección General de Aguas (Chile)
The Dirección General de Aguas (DGA) is the Chilean state agency, created in 1969 under the Ministry of Public Works, that manages the country's continental waters.
Dirección General de Tráfico
The Dirección General de Tráfico (DGT) is Spain's traffic agency under the Ministry of the Interior, created in 1959, issuing driving licenses, vehicle registrations, and sanctions.