All articles A–Z

Direct Z-scheme heterojunction

A direct Z-scheme heterojunction is a mediator-free composite photocatalyst of two semiconductors with staggered band alignment, where low-energy carriers recombine while high-energy electrons and holes drive reactions.

Direct-acting antiviral therapy

Direct-acting antiviral (DAA) therapy is oral drug treatment that cures chronic hepatitis C, clearing the virus in at least 90% of patients over 8 to 12 weeks.

Direct-broadcast satellite television in Latin America and the Caribbean

Direct-broadcast satellite television in Latin America and the Caribbean delivers pay TV to home dishes, growing from 2 million households in 1998 to about 31 million by 2014.

Direct-drive inertial confinement fusion

Direct-drive inertial confinement fusion is a fusion approach in which laser energy strikes the fuel capsule directly instead of a hohlraum, offering higher implosion efficiency.

Direct-drive wind turbine

A direct-drive wind turbine is a wind turbine whose generator is coupled directly to the rotor hub without a gearbox, improving reliability but requiring a larger, low-speed generator.

Direct-methanol fuel cell

A direct-methanol fuel cell (DMFC) is a fuel cell that converts liquid methanol directly into electricity, pursued for portable and remote power despite methanol crossover limiting its performance.

Oct 21, 2026

DIRECT-MT trial

DIRECT-MT (NCT03469206) was a 656-patient Chinese noninferiority trial showing endovascular thrombectomy alone was noninferior to thrombectomy plus intravenous alteplase for 90-day outcomes in anterior large-vessel occlusion stroke.

Oct 20, 2026

DIRECT-PLUS trial

DIRECT-PLUS (NCT03020186), an 18-month Israeli randomized trial, tested the green-Mediterranean diet (Mankai, green tea, walnuts, less red meat), which doubled visceral and liver fat loss versus a standard Mediterranean diet despite similar weight loss.

Direct-sequence spread spectrum

Direct-sequence spread spectrum (DSSS) is a technique that spreads each data bit over a much wider bandwidth using a pseudo-random code, underpinning CDMA and GPS.

Direct-shift gearbox

The direct-shift gearbox (DSG, German Direkt-Schalt-Getriebe), sold by Audi as S-tronic, is Volkswagen Group's dual-clutch automated manual transmission using two clutches for fast shifts, first mass-produced in 2003.

Direct-to-chip liquid cooling

Direct-to-chip liquid cooling (D2C), also called cold plate cooling, circulates liquid coolant through plates mounted on CPUs and GPUs, replacing air for high-power AI hardware.

Direct-to-consumer automobile selling in the United States

Direct-to-consumer automobile selling in the United States lets manufacturers like Tesla sell cars through their own stores, but state franchise laws restrict it in much of the country.

Oct 21, 2026

Direct-To-Consumer Screening and Testing

Direct-to-consumer screening and testing (DTC, DTCT) sells laboratory and genetic tests directly to consumers without a clinician intermediary; covers FDA oversight tiers, market growth, evidence gaps, harms, and pricing.

Direct-to-device satellite connectivity

Direct-to-device (D2D) satellite connectivity, also called direct-to-cell, is a service architecture enabling standard smartphones to reach areas terrestrial networks do not cover.

Direct-to-film printing

Direct-to-film printing is a digital textile decoration process that prints a design onto film, coats it with hot-melt adhesive powder, and heat-presses it onto fabric.

Direct-to-home television in India

Direct-to-home television in India, also known as DTH in India, delivers satellite TV directly to a subscriber's dish and set-top box, first launched as Dish TV in 2003.

Direct-to-video

Direct-to-video, also called straight-to-video or direct-to-DVD, is film distribution without a theatrical run, on VHS or DVD; prominent in the US since the mid-1980s and in Japan as V-Cinema, later absorbed into streaming-era digital-first release.

Direct-use geothermal

Direct-use geothermal is the use of geothermal energy for heating without first converting it to electricity, through wells tapping 80–300 °F waters for buildings and industry.

Direct3D

Direct3D, the 3D graphics API of Microsoft DirectX (D3D11, D3D12), draws primitives and runs compute shaders on Windows GPUs; HLSL shaders, DXGI presentation, Agility SDK updates, Vulkan translation layers.

Directed acyclic graph

A directed acyclic graph (DAG), also called an acyclic digraph, is a directed graph containing no directed cycles, so it admits a topological ordering of its vertices.

Directed air flow gecko adhesion (microstructured dry adhesive)

Directed air flow gecko adhesion is a microstructured dry adhesive of silicone microwedges that grips smooth surfaces under directional shear, tested on Stanford's climbing robot StickyBot.

Directed by Desire: The Collected Poems of June Jordan

Directed by Desire: The Collected Poems of June Jordan is a posthumous Copper Canyon Press collection gathering work from her ten poetry volumes plus unpublished last poems.

Directed C–H borylation

Directed C–H borylation is a family of reactions converting a specific carbon–hydrogen bond into a carbon–boron bond, with the site chosen by a directing group rather than sterics alone.

Directed C–H cyanation

Directed C–H cyanation is a transition-metal-catalyzed reaction in which a directing group on an arene positions the catalyst to convert a chosen carbon–hydrogen bond into a nitrile.

Directed C–H functionalization

Directed C–H activation is a synthesis strategy in which a directing group on a substrate guides a metal catalyst to one specific carbon–hydrogen bond for selective functionalization.

Directed C–H trifluoromethylation

Directed C–H trifluoromethylation is the site-selective replacement of a carbon–hydrogen bond with a trifluoromethyl group, where a directing group positions a metal catalyst, such as palladium, at a chosen site.

Directed content analysis

Directed content analysis is a deductive qualitative research method that applies theory-derived coding categories to text to validate or extend the theory, one of three content analysis approaches.

Directed differentiation

Directed differentiation guides pluripotent stem cells (ESCs, iPSCs) through sequential cell-fate decisions using growth factors, small molecules, and morphogens to yield desired cell types for disease models, drug screening, organoids, and transplantation therapies.

Directed energy deposition

Directed energy deposition (DED) is a metal additive manufacturing process in which a laser, electron beam, or arc melts powder or wire as it is deposited.