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Disease Outbreaks
A disease outbreak is when cases exceed the expected baseline in an area, group, or period; larger spread is an epidemic, and a worldwide one is a pandemic.
Disease progression modeling
Disease progression modeling is a biostatistical method using mathematical models to describe a disease's trajectory over time and separate natural progression from drug effects in drug development.
Disease registry
Disease registry: an organized system collecting uniform records on cases of a disease or condition in a defined population, used for surveillance, research, and quality improvement; examples include SEER cancer registration, Danish national registries, and AHA Get With The Guidelines registries.
Disease resistance, N-terminal
Rx_N (PF18052, IPR041118), the N-terminal domain of plant CC-type NLR disease resistance proteins; about 83 amino acids, four-helical bundle fold, named after potato Rx PVX resistance protein, interacts with NB-ARC and RanGAP2 WPP domain.
Disease risk score
A disease risk score (DRS) is an epidemiology confounder summary method that condenses many patient covariates into a single predicted probability of disease, serving as the prognostic analog of the propensity score.
Disease X
Disease X is a placeholder name the World Health Organization uses for a hypothetical unknown pathogen that could cause a serious international epidemic or pandemic.
Disease-Free Survival
Disease-free survival (DFS), also called relapse-free survival (RFS), is an oncology clinical trial endpoint measuring time after primary treatment without signs or symptoms of cancer; the FDA accepts it as a surrogate for overall survival in adjuvant settings such as resected colon cancer, melanoma, renal cell cancer, GIST, breast cancer, and stage III NSCLC.
Disease-modifying antirheumatic drug
Disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs), including methotrexate, leflunomide, sulfasalazine, hydroxychloroquine, biologics, and JAK inhibitors, slow rheumatoid arthritis progression; methotrexate is the anchor csDMARD.
Diseases and epidemics of the 19th century
Diseases and epidemics of the 19th century: cholera pandemics from 1817, yellow fever, smallpox, tuberculosis, and malaria; John Snow's 1854 Broad Street investigation, germ theory, and the first international sanitary agreements.
Diseases and parasites in salmon
Diseases and parasites in salmon: sea lice (Lepeophtheirus salmonis), infectious salmon anemia virus, PRV, and bacterial pathogens such as Piscirickettsia salmonis, affecting farmed and wild salmonids, with drug resistance, treatment timing, and regulation as distinguishing issues.
Diseases of aroid foliage plants
Diseases of aroid foliage plants are the bacterial, fungal, and viral disorders of ornamental arum family (Araceae) crops, most seriously Xanthomonas bacterial blight of Anthurium.
Diseases of bees
Diseases of bees: six WOAH-listed honey bee diseases (American and European foulbrood, acarapisosis, small hive beetle, Tropilaelaps, varroosis), their causes, spread, and control under the Terrestrial Animal Health Code.
Diseases of hard tissues of teeth
Diseases of hard tissues of teeth (ICD-11 DA08) covers conditions affecting enamel, dentine, or cementum: dental caries, attrition, abrasion, erosion, abfraction, resorption, chronic dental injuries, nontraumatic fracture, and deposits, aggregated from ICD-10 K02 and K03.
Diseases of immune dysregulation
Diseases of immune dysregulation, also called primary immune regulatory disorders (PIRDs), are IUIS Table 4 inborn errors of immunity (ICD-11 4A01.2) where autoimmunity, hyperinflammation, lymphoproliferation, or atopy predominates over infection susceptibility; examples include ALPS, IPEX, APECED, and familial HLH.
Diseases of jaws
Diseases of jaws (ICD-11 DA06; ICD-10 K10) are conditions of the maxilla and mandible not classified elsewhere: inflammatory bone disease, alveolitis, exostosis, Stafne cavity, plus jaw cysts, osteonecrosis, and tumors.
Diseases of metabolism
Diseases of metabolism (metabolic disease, DOID:0014667; Reactome R-HSA-5668914) are disorders of disrupted biochemical processes, including inborn errors of metabolism such as PKU, galactosemia, MSUD, and urea cycle disorders, plus acquired cardiometabolic diseases.
Diseases of poverty
Diseases of poverty: HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, malaria, neglected tropical diseases, and increasingly NCDs that disproportionately affect the poorest populations, driven by poor water, sanitation, nutrition, and healthcare access, with burden, interventions, and post-2023 trends.
Diseases of salivary glands
Diseases of salivary glands (ICD-10 K11, ICD-11 DA04) cover stones, sialadenitis, Sjögren disease, IgG4-related sialadenitis, and benign or malignant tumors of the parotid, submandibular, sublingual, and minor glands.
Diseases of the colon and rectum
Diseases of the Colon & Rectum (Dis Colon Rectum, ISSNs 0012-3706 and 1530-0358) is the ASCRS's monthly peer-reviewed colorectal surgery journal, founded in 1958 under editor Louis A. Buie and published by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins since 2009.
Diseases of thymus
Diseases of thymus (ICD-11 4B40): thymic hyperplasia, thymic abscess, Good syndrome, and thymic epithelial tumors (thymoma, thymic carcinoma), rare mediastinal neoplasms linked to myasthenia gravis and treated mainly by surgery.
Diseases of tongue
Diseases of tongue, ICD-10 K14 and ICD-11 DA03, are disorders of tongue surface, movement, or sensation. Common forms are geographic, fissured, and black hairy tongue; leukoplakia and squamous cell carcinoma are the main serious lesions.
Diseconomies of scale
Diseconomies of scale are the forces that make a firm's long-run average cost rise as its output or size grows, the mirror image of economies of scale, arising from bureaucracy, control loss, and communication overhead.
Diselenide chemistry
Diselenide chemistry concerns organic compounds containing a selenium–selenium single bond, R–Se–Se–R, and the exchange reaction diselenide metathesis, which enables self-healing polyurethane thermosets and visible-light-programmable liquid crystal elastomers.
Disembodied (band)
Disembodied was an American metalcore band from Minneapolis, formed in 1995, known for its downtuned guitars and panic chords, and cited as a foundational influence on the metalcore revival.
Disembowelment
Disembowelment (evisceration): protrusion of bowel or omentum through an abdominal wound, a laparotomy indication now selectively managed in stable patients, and historically an execution method and the samurai ritual seppuku.
Disenchanted (film)
Disenchanted (2022) is Disney's live-action musical comedy sequel to Enchanted, directed by Adam Shankman, starring Amy Adams, Patrick Dempsey, Maya Rudolph, Idina Menzel, and James Marsden, streaming on Disney+ from November 18, 2022, with songs by Alan Menken and Stephen Schwartz.
Disenchanted (My Chemical Romance song)
Disenchanted is a 2006 My Chemical Romance ballad, track 12 on The Black Parade (4:55), released as a live demo on the 2016 tenth-anniversary edition, and performed on the band's Long Live: The Black Parade tours.
Disenchantment (TV series)
Disenchantment is Matt Groening and Josh Weinstein's adult animated fantasy comedy on Netflix (2018-2023), set in Dreamland with Princess Bean, Elfo, and Luci; five parts, 50 episodes, ended September 1, 2023.
Disengagement reporting
Disengagement reporting is a California DMV rule requiring manufacturers testing autonomous vehicles on public roads to report test miles and every takeover, from 2014 to 2026.
Disentangled representation learning
Disentangled representation learning trains generative or self-supervised models so each latent variable responds to a single underlying factor of variation, a goal popularized by Bengio, Courville, and Vincent in 2013.