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Disordered eating
Disordered eating: problematic eating behaviors and attitudes (restriction, bingeing, purging, chronic dieting) below DSM-5-TR thresholds for anorexia, bulimia, BED, or OSFED; affects roughly 20% of adolescents and athletes, screened with SCOFF, treated with CBT-E.
Disordered rock salt
Disordered rock salt (DRX) is a class of lithium-ion battery cathode materials in which lithium and transition-metal cations randomly share one lattice, promising high cobalt-free capacity since the mid-2010s.
Disorderly conduct
Disorderly conduct, also called breach of the peace or disturbing the peace, is a misdemeanor covering conduct that disturbs public peace, morals, or safety, varying by jurisdiction and often challenged as vague or overbroad.
Disorders associated with tremor
Disorders associated with tremor (ICD-11 8A04) are conditions whose main sign is involuntary rhythmic oscillation of a body part, spanning essential tremor, parkinsonian rest tremor, enhanced physiological, cerebellar, dystonic, secondary, and functional tremor.
Disorders due to use of alcohol
Disorders due to use of alcohol (ICD-11 6C40; alcohol use disorder in DSM-5) are conditions of impaired control over drinking, harmful use patterns, and alcohol dependence, affecting an estimated 400 million people worldwide.
Disorders due to use of opioids
Disorders due to use of opioids (ICD-11 6C43) cover harmful opioid use, dependence, intoxication, withdrawal, and opioid-induced disorders. About 60 million people use opioids non-medically; methadone, buprenorphine, and naltrexone treat the disorder.
Disorders of accommodation
Disorders of accommodation (ICD-11 9D01) are abnormalities of the eye's lens-focusing mechanism: accommodative insufficiency, spasm, fatigue, infacility, and paresis, causing blurred or strained near vision in non-presbyopes.
Disorders of acoustic nerve
Disorders of acoustic nerve (ICD-11 AB72; ICD-10 H93.3), also acoustic nerve diseases or cranial nerve VIII disorders, are disorders of the vestibulocochlear nerve causing hearing loss, tinnitus, and vertigo; the leading cause is vestibular schwannoma.
Disorders of binocular movement
Disorders of binocular movement (ICD-11 9C83) are conditions in which the two eyes move abnormally or fail to align, including conjugate gaze palsy, convergence insufficiency, internuclear ophthalmoplegia, and divergence anomalies, often causing diplopia and loss of stereopsis.
Disorders of biogenic amine metabolism
Disorders of biogenic amine metabolism (ICD-11 5C59.0) are ultrarare inherited defects in synthesis, degradation, or transport of dopamine, serotonin, and catecholamines, or of their BH4 cofactor; treatable movement disorders diagnosed by CSF metabolites.
Disorders of calcium metabolism
Disorders of calcium metabolism (ICD-11 5C64.5) cause hypercalcemia or hypocalcemia. Regulated by PTH, calcitriol, and the calcium-sensing receptor; hypercalcemia is mostly hyperparathyroidism or malignancy, hypocalcemia mostly postsurgical hypoparathyroidism.
Disorders of cholesterol synthesis
Disorders of cholesterol synthesis (inborn errors of sterol biosynthesis, ICD-11 5C52.10): eight genetic enzyme blocks from lanosterol to cholesterol, including Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome (DHCR7, 1 in 50,000), causing malformations via impaired hedgehog signaling and toxic sterol buildup.
Disorders of creatine metabolism
Disorders of creatine metabolism, also called cerebral creatine deficiency syndromes, are inherited defects in creatine synthesis or transport causing developmental delay, seizures, and intellectual disability.
Disorders of diaphragm
Disorders of diaphragm (ICD-11 CB23): diaphragm paralysis, relaxation, acquired deformity, and diaphragmitis. Excludes congenital hernia (LB00.0). Treated by plication; traumatic rupture under 1% of injuries.
Disorders of diminished motivation
Disorders of diminished motivation (DDM): apathy, abulia, and akinetic mutism on a severity continuum, defined by primary loss of goal-directed behavior, thought, and emotion, linked to frontal-basal ganglia dopaminergic circuits across stroke, TBI, and dementias.
Disorders of Eustachian tube
Disorders of Eustachian tube (ICD-11 AB10) cover Eustachian tube dysfunction and related conditions. ETD has three subtypes (dilatory, baro-challenge-induced, patulous), affects about 1% of adults, and is diagnosed clinically without a gold-standard test.
Disorders of extraocular muscles
Disorders of extraocular muscles (ICD-11 9C82) affect the six eye-moving muscles, causing paresis or restriction and diplopia. Thyroid eye disease is the most common cause; nonthyroid causes are inflammatory, vascular, and neoplastic.
Disorders of facial nerve
Disorders of facial nerve (ICD-11 8B88, 顔面神経障害) are diseases of cranial nerve VII, including Bell palsy, facial myokymia, hemifacial spasm, and facial neuritis; facial palsy is the most common cranial nerve disorder.
Disorders of intellectual development
Disorders of intellectual development are neurodevelopmental conditions marked by intellectual functioning and adaptive behavior at least two standard deviations below the mean, classified as ICD-11 code 6A00.
Disorders of intracellular cobalamin metabolism
Disorders of intracellular cobalamin metabolism are inborn errors in which vitamin B12 inside cells cannot be converted into its two active cofactors, causing methylmalonic acidemia, homocystinuria, or both.
Disorders of iron metabolism
Disorders of iron metabolism (ICD-11 5C64.1) cover iron deficiency and iron overload conditions such as hemochromatosis, anemia of inflammation, IRIDA, and aceruloplasminemia, all tied to the hepcidin-ferroportin axis.
Disorders of lacrimal gland
Disorders of lacrimal gland (ICD-11 9A10) cover dacryoadenitis, Sjögren-related gland destruction, and epithelial or lymphoid tumors of the tear-producing gland in the superolateral orbit.
Disorders of magnesium metabolism
Disorders of magnesium metabolism (ICD-10 E83.4; ICD-11 5C64.4) cover hypomagnesemia and hypermagnesemia. Hypomagnesemia is common in hospitalized patients from GI, renal, or drug causes; hypermagnesemia is rare, mainly in kidney disease.
Disorders of neutrophil chemotaxis
Disorders of neutrophil chemotaxis (ICD-11 4B01.01) are conditions in which neutrophils cannot migrate along chemotactic gradients to infections, seen in LAD types I-IV, RAC2 and actin defects, Shwachman-Diamond, and hyper-IgE syndrome.
Disorders of neutrophil function
Disorders of neutrophil function (ICD-11 4B01): inherited or acquired defects in neutrophil adhesion, chemotaxis, or killing, including chronic granulomatous disease, leukocyte adhesion deficiency, MPO and G6PD deficiency, and CARD9 deficiency.
Disorders of nucleotide metabolism
Disorders of nucleotide metabolism, also called inborn errors of purine and pyrimidine metabolism, are heritable enzyme defects of nucleotide synthesis, salvage, or catabolism; over 30 known, including Lesch-Nyhan disease, ADA deficiency, and orotic aciduria.
Disorders of oral mucosa
Disorders of oral mucosa (ICD-11 DA01): inflammatory, ulcerative, infectious, immune-mediated, and potentially malignant conditions of the mouth's lining, including aphthous stomatitis, oral lichen planus, candidiasis, leukoplakia, and erythroplakia, diagnosed by clinical examination, biopsy, and direct immunofluorescence.
Disorders of orthostatic tolerance
Disorders of orthostatic tolerance (ICD-11 8D89): conditions causing symptomatic hypotension on standing, including reflex syncope, autonomic-failure syncope, POTS, and baroreflex failure.
Disorders of pyruvate metabolism
Disorders of pyruvate metabolism, chiefly pyruvate dehydrogenase complex deficiency (PDHA1, X-linked) and pyruvate carboxylase deficiency (autosomal recessive), inborn errors causing lactic acidosis and neurological dysfunction, managed with ketogenic diet and supportive care.
Disorders of refraction
Disorders of refraction, or refractive errors, are eye conditions where light fails to focus on the retina, causing blurred vision; the main types are myopia, hyperopia, astigmatism, and presbyopia.