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DNA (climb)
DNA (climb): 9c/5.15d sport route, also called the world's second 9c, in the La Ramirole cave, Gorges du Verdon, France. 50 m, first ascended by Sébastien Bouin on 29 April 2022; first repeated by Jakob Schubert.
DNA (More Than a Game)
DNA (More Than a Game) is the official anthem of the 2026 FIFA World Cup, released 10 June 2026 by Andrea Bocelli, David Guetta, EJAE, and Megan Thee Stallion; a 2:56 EDM-pop-rap track sung in English, Italian, and Korean.
DNA adenine methylase
DNA adenine methylase (Dam) is the bacterial GATC-specific N6-adenine methyltransferase of E. coli, an orphan enzyme regulating replication, mismatch repair, and virulence gene expression via epigenetic methylation.
DNA Analysis Backlog Elimination Act of 2000
The DNA Analysis Backlog Elimination Act of 2000 is a US federal law authorizing grants to states for DNA analyses for the FBI's CODIS database.
DNA and RNA codon tables
DNA and RNA codon tables (genetic code tables) map 64 three-base codons to 20 amino acids and 3 stop signals; deciphered by Nirenberg and Khorana (1968 Nobel), with variant mitochondrial codes such as vertebrate transl_table=2.
DNA barcoding
DNA barcoding identifies species by comparing short standardized DNA regions, chiefly COI in animals, rbcL and matK in plants, ITS in fungi, against the BOLD reference library of over 1.2 million species, proposed by Hebert in 2003.
DNA brick nanostructures
DNA brick nanostructures are 3D nanoscale objects self-assembled from short synthetic DNA strands, each binding four neighbors; the method was introduced at Harvard's Wyss Institute in 2012.
DNA bricks
DNA bricks are short synthetic single-stranded DNA molecules that self-assemble into prescribed 3D nanostructures without any scaffold strand, introduced by Peng Yin and colleagues at Harvard in 2012.
DNA computing
DNA computing is a computation paradigm using DNA molecules and biochemical reactions to encode data and compute in massive parallelism, introduced by Leonard Adleman in 1994.
DNA Contamination
DNA contamination is the unintentional introduction of exogenous DNA into a sample, PCR reaction, or evidence item, also called adventitious introduction in forensic practice; distinguished from background DNA, controlled through segregation, clean rooms, negative controls, and elimination databases.
DNA curtain
A DNA curtain is a single-molecule imaging method that aligns thousands of DNA molecules on a microfluidic chamber surface so bound proteins can be watched in real time.
DNA Cytosine-5 Methyltransferase
DNA (cytosine-5)-methyltransferases (EC 2.1.1.37; DNMT1, DNMT3A, DNMT3B) are SAM-dependent enzymes that methylate cytosine C5, mostly at CpG sites, establishing (de novo) and maintaining epigenetic methylation patterns; DNMT2/TRDMT1 methylates tRNA instead.
DNA Damage
DNA damage: chemical alterations to DNA from endogenous sources (ROS, hydrolysis, depurination) and exogenous agents (UV, ionizing radiation, alkylating agents), repaired by BER, NER, MMR, HR, NHEJ, and related pathways; failure drives cancer and aging.
DNA damage response protein D
DNA damage response protein D (DdrD, gene DR_0326) is a single-stranded DNA-binding protein of Deinococcus radiodurans, induced after gamma irradiation via IrrE/DdrO, binding ssDNA and 5'-overhang DNA without nuclease protection, with redundant but condition-dependent roles in genome reconstitution and transformation.
DNA damage-binding protein 2
DNA damage-binding protein 2 (DDB2, p48, XPE, UV-DDB2) is the small subunit of the UV-DDB heterodimer with DDB1 that recognizes UV lesions in global genomic nucleotide excision repair; DDB2 mutations cause xeroderma pigmentosum group E.
DNA damage-inducible protein DinB
DinB (DNA polymerase IV, also dinP) is the E. coli Y-family translesion DNA polymerase encoded by the SOS-inducible dinB gene; distributive, proofreading-free, specialized for alkylation damage and N2-dG adduct bypass, homologous to human Pol κ.
DNA Data Bank of Japan
The DNA Data Bank of Japan (DDBJ) is the Japanese public archive of nucleotide sequence data, operating since 1987 at the National Institute of Genetics in Mishima.
DNA Doe Project
The DNA Doe Project is an American nonprofit founded in 2017 that uses investigative genetic genealogy to identify John and Jane Does, unidentified human remains, for law enforcement agencies.
DNA Double-Strand Break Repair
DNA double-strand break repair (DSB repair): cellular pathways, chiefly nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ) and homologous recombination (HR), that detect and rejoin DNA broken across both strands; NHEJ acts throughout the cell cycle while HR requires a replicated template.
DNA extraction
DNA extraction, also called DNA isolation, is the process of breaking open cells and purifying DNA from proteins and other molecules for PCR, sequencing, and genotyping.
DNA fragmentation factor 45
DNA fragmentation factor 45 (DFF45, ICAD, DFFA) is the 45-kDa inhibitor and chaperone subunit of the apoptotic DFF nuclease complex; caspase-3 cleavage releases DFF40/CAD to fragment DNA during apoptosis.
DNA gyrase
DNA gyrase (EC 5.99.1.3), bacterial type II topoisomerase, A2B2 GyrA/GyrB tetramer, sole enzyme introducing negative DNA supercoils via ATP-dependent sign inversion; primary fluoroquinolone target, absent in humans.
DNA gyrase, subunit B
DNA gyrase subunit B (GyrB), the 90-kDa ATPase subunit of bacterial DNA gyrase (A2B2 tetramer), drives negative DNA supercoiling; target of aminocoumarins such as novobiocin, with resistance mapping mainly to Arg136.
DNA helicase IV HelD, N-terminal domain
DNA helicase IV HelD N-terminal domain (COG3973): conserved bacterial N-terminal region of the SF1 helicase IV (E. coli helD, 82 kDa, 3'-5' polarity) and of the related transcription factor HelD; required for helicase and transcription-stimulation activity, not for ATPase.
DNA helicase, ATP-dependent, UvrD type
UvrD-type ATP-dependent DNA helicase (E. coli helicase II, uvrD gene), a non-hexameric SF1 3'→5' motor with 1A/1B/2A/2B domains; dimeric helicase, ~40-50 bp processivity, roles in mismatch and nucleotide excision repair.
DNA helicase, DnaB type
DnaB-type DNA helicase is the ring-shaped hexameric enzyme that unwinds double-stranded DNA at bacterial replication forks, essential for chromosome replication in E. coli and other bacteria.
DNA helicase, DnaB-like, N-terminal
N-terminal domain (NTD) of DnaB-like (SF4) bacterial replicative helicases: all-alpha scaffolding domain binding primase DnaG and loader DnaC, driving C6/C3 hexamer symmetry changes; dispensable for core helicase activity.
DNA hybridization
DNA hybridization is the sequence-specific pairing of complementary single-stranded nucleic acids into duplexes, the basis of assays like Southern blots and microarrays that detect, quantify, or compare sequences.
DNA hydrogel
A DNA hydrogel is a soft solid of cross-linked DNA strands that holds large amounts of water, designed through base pairing for biosensing, drug delivery, and tissue engineering.
DNA ladder
A DNA ladder, also called a DNA marker or molecular-weight size marker, is a mixture of DNA fragments of known lengths run on gels to size unknown samples.