All articles A–Z

Dynamic Adaptive Streaming over HTTP

Dynamic Adaptive Streaming over HTTP (DASH, or MPEG-DASH) is a standard, first published in 2012, for adaptive video streaming over ordinary HTTP servers and CDNs.

Dynamic and functional equivalence

Dynamic and functional equivalence, coined by linguist Eugene Nida in 1964, are Bible translation approaches that favor reproducing meaning and reader response over literal wording.

Dynamic aperture

Dynamic aperture is the maximum stable transverse oscillation amplitude in a circular accelerator with nonlinear fields; beyond it, particle amplitudes grow until they are lost, so it is generally smaller than the physical beam tube.

Dynamic application security testing

Dynamic application security testing (DAST) is a black-box security testing method that probes a running application from the outside, without source code access, to find exploitable vulnerabilities.

Dynamic ARP Inspection

Dynamic ARP inspection is a Layer 2 switch security feature that validates ARP packets against trusted IP-to-MAC bindings to prevent ARP spoofing and man-in-the-middle attacks.

Dynamic assessment

Dynamic assessment is an interactive psychoeducational testing approach following a test–intervene–retest sequence, measuring learning potential and responsiveness to mediation, rooted in Vygotsky's zone of proximal development and Feuerstein's mediated learning theory.

Dynamic bandwidth allocation

Dynamic bandwidth allocation (DBA) is a resource management method that redistributes communication bandwidth among users in real time based on demand, notably in passive optical networks.

Dynamic Bayesian network

A dynamic Bayesian network (DBN) is a Bayesian network extended to model probability distributions over time-indexed variables, introduced by Thomas Dean and Keiji Kanazawa in 1989.

Dynamic braking

Dynamic braking is a railway braking method in which traction motors act as generators to slow the train, with energy dissipated as heat or returned regeneratively.

Dynamic calibration

Dynamic calibration is a metrology method for characterizing how a sensor responds to time-varying or transient inputs rather than steady ones, yielding frequency response, phase, and damping ratio.

Oct 10, 2026

Dynamic capabilities

Dynamic capabilities are a firm's ability to integrate, build, and reconfigure competences to address rapidly changing environments, introduced by Teece, Pisano, and Shuen in their 1997 paper.

Dynamic causal modeling

Dynamic causal modeling (DCM) is a Bayesian framework in neuroimaging that fits generative models of directed neural interactions to fMRI data, estimating effective connectivity for cognitive and resting-state studies.

Dynamic community detection

Dynamic community detection is a family of network analysis algorithms that tracks how communities of densely connected nodes form, change, merge, and split over time in time-varying graphs.

Dynamic compaction

Dynamic compaction is a ground improvement method that densifies loose soils and fills by repeatedly dropping heavy tampers from a crane, used on embankments, landfills, reclaimed land, and liquefaction-prone sands.

Dynamic computable general equilibrium model

A dynamic computable general equilibrium (CGE) model is an economy-wide simulation tracing how households, firms, and markets respond to policy or external shocks over time.

Dynamic computed tomography

Dynamic computed tomography (dynamic CT) is a time-resolved form of CT that rapidly scans the same tissue after IV contrast, measuring blood flow and volume.

Dynamic connectivity

Dynamic connectivity is the algorithmic problem of updating a graph edge by edge and quickly answering whether two vertices are connected, aiming for polylogarithmic time per operation.

Dynamic Containment (National Grid ESO)

Dynamic Containment is a fast frequency response service launched by National Grid ESO in Great Britain on 30 September 2020 to arrest large post-fault frequency changes.

Dynamic contrast-enhanced CT

Dynamic contrast-enhanced CT (DCE-CT) is a computed tomography technique that acquires a rapid series of scans after intravenous iodinated contrast injection to quantify blood flow, blood volume, and permeability.

Dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI

Dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI (DCE-MRI) is an MRI technique that rapidly images tissue before, during, and after gadolinium injection to quantify perfusion and vascular permeability, chiefly in oncology.

Dynamic covalent bond

A dynamic covalent bond (DCB) is a covalent bond that reversibly forms, breaks, or exchanges under stimuli like heat, pH, or catalysts, combining covalent strength with adaptability.

Oct 22, 2026

Dynamic covalent polymer networks

Dynamic covalent polymer networks (DCPNs), also called covalent adaptable networks, are crosslinked polymers whose reversible covalent bonds break and reform, giving thermoset strength plus reprocessability, self-healing, and recyclability.

Oct 22, 2026

Dynamic covalent polymers

Dynamic covalent polymers are polymers built from, or crosslinked by, reversible covalent bonds that break and reform under heat, light, or pH, enabling self-healing, shape memory, and reprocessability.

Dynamic dispatch

Dynamic dispatch, also called dynamic method dispatch or runtime dispatch, is the runtime selection of a polymorphic operation's implementation based on the object's actual type.

Dynamic DNS

Dynamic DNS (DDNS) is the automatic updating of Domain Name System records as a host's IP address changes, so a stable hostname keeps pointing at it, defined by RFC 2136 in 1997.

Dynamic epistemic logic

Dynamic epistemic logic (DEL) is a family of modal logics in which operators describe actions, like public announcements, that transform what a group of agents knows.

Dynamic equilibrium

Dynamic equilibrium is the state of a reversible process in which forward and reverse changes occur at equal rates, so the composition appears static though change continues at the molecular level.

Dynamic factor model

A dynamic factor model (DFM) is a statistical model representing many time series as driven by a few unobserved common factors, used in econometrics for forecasting and nowcasting.

Dynamic fault tree

A dynamic fault tree (DFT) is a reliability model that extends static fault trees with time- and sequence-dependent gates, so failure can depend on the order components fail.