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Dysphania ambrosioides
Dysphania ambrosioides, known as epazote or Mexican tea, is an aromatic herb native to the Americas, used as a culinary herb in Mexican and Caribbean cooking and in traditional medicine against intestinal parasites.
Dysphonia
Dysphonia (hoarseness): altered voice quality, pitch, loudness, or effort impairing communication; affects about one-third of people. Causes include laryngitis, reflux, lesions, and laryngeal dystonia; voice therapy is first-line.
Dysphoria
Dysphoria (Greek dysphoria, 'hard to bear') is a mood of generalized discontent, agitation and unease, not a standalone diagnosis. It appears across PMDD, gender dysphoria, mixed bipolar states, and epilepsy, measured with scales such as the UGDS, IDDI, and DRSP.
Dysplasia
Dysplasia: abnormal cells in a tissue or organ, not cancer but sometimes precancerous; graded mild, moderate, or severe. Also means birth-related developmental disorders of skin, brain, cartilage, or bone.
Dysplastic cortical hyperostosis
Dysplastic cortical hyperostosis (ORPHA:646139), also called Kozlowski-Tsuruta type, is an extremely rare autosomal recessive bone dysplasia causing lethal neonatal dwarfism with hydrops and generalized cortical thickening of the skeleton; molecular basis unknown.
Dyspnoea
Dyspnoea (dyspnea, breathlessness, shortness of breath) is the subjective experience of breathing discomfort, distinct from tachypnea or hyperventilation. Common in cardiopulmonary disease, coded ICD-11 MD11.5, measured by MRC, Borg, D-12, and MDP scales.
Dysprosium
Dysprosium, element 66, is a silvery heavy lanthanide metal discovered in 1886 and used mainly to make neodymium magnets heat-resistant in electric vehicles and wind turbines.
Dysprosocenium
Dysprosocenium is a class of dysprosium metallocene cations that behave as single-molecule magnets, first synthesized at the University of Manchester in 2017 with hysteresis up to 60 kelvin.
Dyssegmental dysplasia, Silverman-Handmaker type
Dyssegmental dysplasia, Silverman-Handmaker type (DDSH, MIM 224410), also called lethal Kniest-like syndrome, is a lethal autosomal recessive skeletal dysplasia from HSPG2 (perlecan) null mutations, marked by anisospondyly, micromelia, and neonatal death.
Dyssomnia
Dyssomnia: umbrella term for sleep disorders affecting the amount, quality, or timing of sleep, including insomnia, hypersomnia, narcolepsy, and sleep apnea; a DSM-IV-TR and ICSD category retired in DSM-5 and ICSD-2/3 in favor of sleep-wake disorders.
Dysspondyloenchondromatosis
Dysspondyloenchondromatosis (DSC), enchondromatosis type V, is a rare non-hereditary skeletal disorder combining multiple enchondromas with irregular vertebral malformations (anisospondyly), short stature, scoliosis, and joint deformities.
Dysthymia
Dysthymia, now persistent depressive disorder (PDD), is chronic mild depression lasting two years or more; DSM-5-TR dropped the dysthymia label; US past-year prevalence 1.5%, lifetime 2.5%.
Dysthyroid orbitopathy
Dysthyroid orbitopathy, also called thyroid eye disease or Graves' orbitopathy, is an autoimmune orbital disorder driven by TSHR and IGF-1R antibodies, causing proptosis, diplopia, and sometimes dysthyroid optic neuropathy, treated by glucocorticoids, biologics, and surgery.
Dystinct
Dystinct (Iliass Mansouri, born 1998) is a Belgian-Moroccan singer blending pop, raï, and Afrobeat. Known for "Ghazali", the 2022 World Cup anthem, albums Mon Voyage, Layali, and Bababa World, and over 2 billion Spotify streams.
Dystonia
Dystonia, also known as dystonic disorders or distonia, is a movement disorder causing repetitive abnormal postures and movements, the third most common movement disorder after Parkinson's disease and essential tremor.
Dystonia 16
Dystonia 16, formally DYT-PRKRA, is a rare autosomal recessive dystonia caused by PRKRA gene variants, beginning in childhood, often in a limb, with prominent laryngeal involvement.
Dystonia 28
Dystonia 28 (DYT28, DYT-KMT2B) is a rare autosomal dominant dystonia caused by heterozygous KMT2B variants or 19q13.12 deletions, starting in childhood with lower-limb dystonia that generalizes, with developmental delay and response to anticholinergics and GPi DBS.
Dystonia-plus
Dystonia-plus is a category of movement disorders in which dystonia occurs with other neurological features such as myoclonus or parkinsonism, without neurodegeneration; its three main syndromes are dopa-responsive dystonia, myoclonus-dystonia, and rapid-onset dystonia-parkinsonism.
Dystopia
Dystopia (also anti-utopia, cacotopia): an imagined oppressive society and the literary genre depicting it, coined by John Stuart Mill in 1868 as the antonym of More's utopia; classics include We, Brave New World, and Nineteen Eighty-Four.
Dystopia (Megadeth album)
Dystopia, Megadeth's fifteenth studio album (January 22, 2016, Tradecraft/UMe/T-Boy), a thrash return-to-form with Kiko Loureiro and Chris Adler; debuted at No. 3 on the Billboard 200 and won the band's first Grammy, Best Metal Performance, for the title track.
Dystopian film
Dystopian film depicts bleak totalitarian or degraded future societies to critique the present; key works include Metropolis (1927), A Clockwork Orange, Blade Runner (1982), Children of Men, and The Hunger Games, with themes of authoritarian control, surveillance, and inequality.
Dystos
Dystos (Δύστος, Dystos/Dhysta) is an ancient hill city in Euboea, Greece, on Lake Dystos; Neolithic to Late Antique, a Dryopian foundation and later Eretrian deme, with a late 5th-century BC wall, eleven towers, and Classical houses.
Dystroglycan-type cadherin-like
Dystroglycan-type cadherin-like (CADG) domain: a cadherin-homologous extracellular protein domain in metazoan dystroglycan and α/ε-sarcoglycan, yeast Axl2p, and large bacterial proteins; identified in 2002; LGMD2D mutations cluster in the α-sarcoglycan copy.
Dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa pruriginosa
Dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa pruriginosa (DEB-Pr, EBP, OMIM 604129) is a rare COL7A1-driven subtype of dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa marked by intense pruritus, prurigo-like nodules on extensor limbs, nail dystrophy, and delayed adult onset.
Dystrophinopathy
Dystrophinopathy: spectrum of DMD gene disorders including Duchenne muscular dystrophy, Becker muscular dystrophy, and DMD-related dilated cardiomyopathy; X-linked, 1 in 3,600 male births, reading-frame rule with exceptions.
Dysuria
Dysuria is painful or burning urination, usually from lower urinary tract infection, most often cystitis or STI urethritis; also caused by irritants, stones, atrophic vaginitis, interstitial cystitis, and tumors.
Dytiscidae
Dytiscidae, predaceous diving beetles (Leach, 1815), the largest aquatic beetle family with over 4,600 species worldwide; aquatic predatory adults and larvae, air stored under elytra, sister family Hygrobiidae.
Dyuden
Dyuden (Дюдень), known in Horde sources as Tudan, was a Golden Horde tsarevich and brother of Khan Tokhta who led the devastating 1293 invasion of fourteen Russian towns.
Dyudenev's army (Duden campaigns)
Dyudenev's army (Дюденева рать) was a Mongol-Tatar punitive expedition that devastated fourteen towns of North-Eastern Rus in 1293, led by Tudan, called Dyuden in the Russian chronicles.
Dyula language
Dyula (Dioula, Jula; ISO dyu) is a Manding variety of the Mande branch spoken in Burkina Faso, Côte d'Ivoire, and Mali; the word means "trader". A major West African trade lingua franca with at least 5 million L2 speakers, simple grammar, two tones, added to Google Translate in 2024.