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Egyptian National Identity Card
The Egyptian National Identity Card (بطاقة الرقم القومي) is the compulsory identity document for Egyptian citizens aged 16 and older, required for hospital care, employment, banking, and property.
Egyptian National Railways
Egyptian National Railways is the state railway operator of Egypt, running a network that was the first railway in Africa and the Middle East, opened in 1856.
Egyptian National Theater (المسرح القومي المصري)
The Egyptian National Theater, also known as Masrah Al Qawmi, is Egypt's state theater troupe, founded in Cairo in 1935 and performing at the National Theatre in Downtown Cairo.
Egyptian Natural Gas Holding
Egyptian Natural Gas Holding, known as EGAS, is Egypt's state holding company for natural gas, created in 2001 to manage agreements, exploration, production, and distribution.
Egyptian Navy (القوات البحرية المصرية)
Egyptian Navy (القوات البحرية المصرية), the naval branch of Egypt's armed forces, operating on the Mediterranean and Red Sea around the Suez Canal with about 149 vessels, two Mistral-class LHDs, 13 frigates, and 8 submarines.
Egyptian neoclassical school
The Egyptian neoclassical school, called مدرسة الإحياء والبعث in Arabic, was a poetic movement from the late 19th century to the 1940s that imitated the ancient poets.
Egyptian numerals
Egyptian numerals: the decimal number systems of ancient Egypt in hieroglyphic, hieratic, and demotic scripts, additive and place-value-free, with unit fractions marked by a "mouth" sign, attested from about 3300 BC.
Egyptian occupation of Harar
The Egyptian occupation of Harar was Egypt's seizure of the sovereign emirate of Harar in late 1875 by 1,200 soldiers under Muhammad Ra'uf Pasha, ending with British-forced withdrawal in 1885.
Egyptian occupation of Syria (1831-1840)
The Egyptian occupation of Syria (الحملة المصرية على بلاد الشام) was Muhammad Ali's invasion of Ottoman Syria from 1831 to 1840, led by his son Ibrahim Pasha.
Egyptian Penal Code of 1875
The Egyptian Penal Code of 1875 (قانون العقوبات المصري) was drafted by the French lawyer Manoury for Egypt's Mixed Courts, which heard cases involving foreigners.
Egyptian Pop
Egyptian Pop, or Masri pop, is the Cairo-centered mainstream of Arab popular music, sung in Egyptian colloquial Arabic, with stars such as Amr Diab, Sherine, and Mohamed Hamaki.
Egyptian pound (الجنيه المصري)
The Egyptian pound (الجنيه المصري), code EGP, is the currency of Egypt, issued by the Central Bank of Egypt since 1960 and floated in March 2024.
Egyptian Premier League (الدوري المصري الممتاز)
Egyptian Premier League (الدوري المصري الممتاز), Egypt's top football division since 1948, run by the Egyptian Professional Clubs League; dominated by Al Ahly and Zamalek, ranked among Africa's strongest leagues.
Egyptian prose poetry
Egyptian prose poetry, called qasidat al-nathr in Arabic, is the non-metrical, unrhymed poetic tradition that developed in Egypt, with a defining seventies generation breaking from classical meter.
Egyptian pyramids
Egyptian pyramids: Old Kingdom royal tombs (2686–2181 BC), from Djoser's Step Pyramid by Imhotep to Khufu's Great Pyramid (146.5 m); distinct from later, smaller Nubian pyramids.
Egyptian Ratscrew
Egyptian Ratscrew (ERS), also called Egyptian War or Ratslap, is an American slap card game combining Beggar My Neighbour face-card challenges with slapping doubles, sandwiches, and other patterns to collect all 52 cards.
Egyptian realism
Egyptian realism is the literary movement in modern Egyptian Arabic fiction that depicts social reality, dominant from the 1940s through the 1960s in the work of Naguib Mahfouz and others.
Egyptian revolt against Darius I
The Egyptian revolt against Darius I, also called the Great Revolt of the Egyptians against Darius I, was an uprising in Persian-ruled Egypt beginning in 486 BC and crushed by Xerxes around 485/484 BC.
Egyptian revolution of 1952
The Egyptian revolution of 1952 (ثورة 23 يوليو) was a bloodless coup by the Free Officers that forced King Farouk to abdicate and ended Egypt's monarchy.
Egyptian romantic school
The Egyptian romantic school (المدرسة الرومانسية المصرية), also called the Apollo School, was a poetic movement in 1930s and 1940s Egypt whose doctrine was Romanticism.
Egyptian short story
The Egyptian short story (القصة القصيرة, al-qissa al-qasira) is a prose fiction genre that emerged in Egypt in the early twentieth century, generally traced to Muhammad Taymur's 1917 story "Fī al-Qiṭār".
Egyptian synodal decrees
Egyptian synodal decrees, also called priestly decrees, are collective enactments of priests in Ptolemaic Egypt, issued between 238 and 161 BC and inscribed on stelae, most famously the Rosetta Stone.
Egyptian temple
Egyptian temple (hut-netcher, "god's house"): sacred building housing cults of gods, the king, or the blessed dead, centered on a cult image served daily by priests, with public contact mainly through festivals; most surviving temples are Ptolemaic.
Egyptian theatre
Egyptian theatre is the tradition of staged drama in Egypt, founded in Arabic by Ya'qub Sannu in 1870 and among the leading traditions in the Arab world.
Egyptian University
The Egyptian University (الجامعة المصرية) was a private university founded in Cairo in 1908 by nationalist figures including Muhammad Abduh and Saad Zaghlul, absorbed by the state in 1925.
Egyptian vulture
Egyptian vulture (Neophron percnopterus), a small Endangered Old World vulture of Europe, Africa, and Asia; the only long-distance migratory European vulture, a tool-using egg-breaker, declining 50-79% over three generations from poisoning and electrocution.
Egyptian withdrawal from Nubia
The Egyptian withdrawal from Nubia was the end of pharaonic rule and viceregal administration of Kush around 1070 BCE, when Viceroy Panehesy severed Nubia from Egyptian control.
Egyptian–Ethiopian War
The Egyptian–Ethiopian War of 1874–1876 pitted Khedivate Egypt under Khedive Ismail Pasha against the Ethiopian Empire under Yohannes IV; Ethiopian victories at Gundet in 1875 and Gura in 1876 ended Egypt's expansionist ambitions.
Egyptian–Hittite peace treaty
Egyptian–Hittite peace treaty, also called Treaty of Kadesh or Eternal Treaty: parity agreement of Ramesses II and Hattusili III, year 21 of Ramesses (c. 1259 BCE), with nonaggression, alliance, and extradition clauses, surviving at Karnak, the Ramesseum, and Hattusa.
Egyptian–Mitanni peace treaty
The Egyptian–Mitanni peace treaty was the settlement of around 1400 BC by which Thutmose IV of Egypt and Artatama I of Mitanni ended hostilities over Syria.