All articles A–Z

Encapsulated PostScript

Encapsulated PostScript (EPS, or EPSF) is an Adobe file format from the late 1980s for embedding single-page illustrations in documents, still common in scientific publishing.

Encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis

Encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis (EPS), also called abdominal cocoon or sclerosing encapsulating peritonitis, is a rare fibrocollagenous encasement of the small intestine causing bowel obstruction, mainly after long-term peritoneal dialysis, with 25-55% adult mortality.

Oct 15, 2026

Encapsulating Security Payload

Encapsulating Security Payload (ESP) is a protocol in the IPsec suite, specified in RFC 4303, that provides confidentiality, integrity, and anti-replay services for IP packets and is widely used to build virtual private networks.

Encapsulation (computer programming)

Encapsulation in computer programming is the bundling of data and the operations acting on it into a single unit, such as an object, with internal details hidden from outside access.

Encarsia formosa

Encarsia formosa, a 0.6 mm aphelinid parasitoid wasp, controls whiteflies such as Trialeurodes vaporariorum in greenhouses by oviposition and host feeding; used commercially since the 1920s, thelytokous via Wolbachia.

Encarta

Microsoft Encarta, also known as Encarta Encyclopedia or MSN Encarta, was a digital multimedia encyclopedia published by Microsoft from 1993 to 2009, first on CD-ROM and later online, before free competitors like Wikipedia displaced it.

Encaustic painting

Encaustic painting: pigment mixed with beeswax, from Greek enkaustikos (burnt in). Oldest surviving works are the Fayum mummy portraits of Roman Egypt; revived by contemporary artists, who fuse wax layers with heat.

Oct 15, 2026

Ence

Ence Energía y Celulosa is a Spanish company producing eucalyptus pulp and renewable energy, operating pulp biofactories in Navia and Pontevedra, Galicia, and the largest biomass power fleet in Spain.

Oct 15, 2026

Enceinte

An enceinte is the continuous main line of defensive wall enclosing a castle, fortified town, or other stronghold; strongholds could have several concentric enceintes for mutual defense.

Enceladus

Enceladus is an icy moon of Saturn, about 310 miles across, that vents water vapor and ice into space from a global ocean beneath its ice shell.

Encenicline

Encenicline (EVP-6124, MT-4666) is a discontinued selective α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor partial agonist developed by Forum Pharmaceuticals for cognitive impairment in schizophrenia and Alzheimer's disease; Phase 2 trials were positive, but Phase 3 schizophrenia trials failed and FDA placed Alzheimer's trials on clinical hold over GI safety events.

Encephalartos

Encephalartos (bread trees), African-endemic cycad genus in Zamiaceae with 68 taxa, 85% threatened, dioecious cone-bearing plants pollinated by specialized insects; all species CITES Appendix I.

Encephalartos ferox

Encephalartos ferox, the holly-leafed cycad (Zamiaceae), native Mozambique to KwaZulu-Natal; glossy spiny holly-like leaflets, bright red cones, dioecious, IUCN Near Threatened, CITES Appendix I, about 100,000 mature individuals.

Encephalartos horridus

Encephalartos horridus, the Eastern Cape blue cycad, is an Endangered South African cycad with intense blue foliage, a ~431 km2 range, under 5,000 mature plants, heavy poaching, and CITES Appendix I listing.

Encephalartos woodii

Encephalartos woodii, Wood's cycad, a South African cycad from Ngoye Forest, KwaZulu-Natal, extinct in the wild since 1916. Only one male plant was ever found in 1895; all cultivated specimens are male clones, and no female exists.

Encephalitis

Encephalitis, also called acute encephalitis syndrome, is inflammation of the brain, a serious condition caused by brain infection or autoimmune attack, producing altered consciousness, seizures, and focal neurological deficits.

Encephalitis lethargica

Encephalitis lethargica, or von Economo's disease, is a brain inflammation first described in Vienna in 1917 that caused a worldwide epidemic from about 1916 to 1927, leaving somnolence, ophthalmoplegia, and postencephalitic parkinsonism; its cause remains unknown.

Encephalitis Viruses

Encephalitis viruses, also called neurotropic or arboviral encephalitis viruses, include Japanese encephalitis, West Nile, tick-borne encephalitis, equine encephalitis, and herpes simplex viruses that infect the brain, distinguished by vector, reservoir, and severity.

Encephalitozoon

Encephalitozoon is a genus of microsporidian fungi, intracellular parasites of mammals and birds; species E. cuniculi, E. hellem, and E. intestinalis infect rabbits, birds, and humans via polar-tube-bearing spores.

Encephalitozoon cuniculi

Encephalitozoon cuniculi, an obligate intracellular microsporidian parasite of rabbits (genotypes ECI–ECIII) that also infects cats, dogs, and humans, causing neurological, ocular, renal, and disseminated disease; smallest known eukaryotic genome at 2.9 Mb.

Encephalization quotient

Encephalization quotient (EQ), Jerison's 1973 brain-size measure from Dubois' 1897 equation: actual brain mass divided by expected brain mass for body size. Humans score about 6; clade-specific equations and cognitive-prediction limits are key caveats.

Encephalocraniocutaneous lipomatosis

Encephalocraniocutaneous lipomatosis (ECCL, Haberland syndrome) is a rare sporadic mosaic RASopathy caused by postzygotic FGFR1 or KRAS variants, featuring nevus psiloliparus, ocular choristomas, CNS lipomas, seizures, and low-grade glioma risk.

Sep 29, 2026

Encephaloduroarteriosynangiosis

Encephaloduroarteriosynangiosis (EDAS) is an indirect brain revascularization operation, introduced in 1981, in which a scalp artery is laid on the brain surface to treat moyamoya disease.

Encephalomyocarditis virus

Encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV), also called Mengo virus, is a rodent-borne Cardiovirus picornavirus with a ~7.8 kb positive-sense RNA genome. It causes sudden-death myocarditis in pigs and zoo animals; human infections are mild and rarely fatal.

Encephalomyocarditis virus infection

Encephalomyocarditis virus infection (EMCV, Cardiovirus, Picornaviridae) is a rodent-borne picornavirus disease of swine and zoo mammals causing sudden death from myocarditis; two serotypes, EMCV-1 and EMCV-2; zoonotic but rarely causes human disease.

Encephalopathy

Encephalopathy, also called acute or metabolic encephalopathy, is diffuse brain dysfunction from systemic causes such as sepsis, organ failure, toxins, or metabolic derangement; delirium is its clinical phenotype, and coma its severe end.

Encephalopathy due to ammonia

Encephalopathy due to ammonia (ICD-11 8D43.00, アンモニアによる脳症), or hyperammonemic encephalopathy: toxic brain dysfunction from elevated blood ammonia, causing astrocyte glutamine-driven cerebral edema; seen in hepatic encephalopathy, urea cycle disorders, drugs, and infections.

Encequidar

Encequidar (HM30181) is a minimally absorbed, gut-specific P-glycoprotein inhibitor by Hanmi/Athenex that enables oral paclitaxel (Oraxol); phase III in metastatic breast cancer showed higher response and less neuropathy than IV paclitaxel; not approved.