edgepedia

All articles A–Z

519,064 articles

ALOX12

ALOX12 is the human gene for platelet-type 12S-lipoxygenase, which oxygenates arachidonic acid at carbon 12 to make 12(S)-HETE and lipoxins; it is a chromosome 17 lipoxygenase linked to thrombosis, diabetes, cancer, and inflammation.

ALOX15

ALOX15 (arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase, 15-LOX-1, 12/15-LOX), gene ID 246 at 17p13.2, encodes a 662-amino-acid non-heme iron enzyme oxygenating PUFAs with dual 15-/12-specificity, unlike mouse Alox15; it regulates inflammation resolution and ferroptosis.

ALOX5

ALOX5 (arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase, 5-LO) is a human chromosome 10 gene encoding the enzyme that converts arachidonic acid to leukotriene A4; targeted by the asthma drug zileuton and implicated in kidney disease, cancer, and atherosclerosis.

ALOX5AP

ALOX5AP (FLAP), gene at 13q12.3 encoding the 162-aa membrane protein required with 5-lipoxygenase for leukotriene synthesis; myocardial infarction and stroke susceptibility locus and anti-inflammatory drug target.

Aloy

Aloy is the fictional protagonist of Guerrilla Games' Horizon series (Horizon Zero Dawn 2017, Horizon Forbidden West 2022), a red-haired machine hunter and outcast voiced by Ashly Burch, with a third single-player game reportedly years away.

Aloyon Island

Aloyon Island, also associated with the village name Aluyon (Aloyan, Aloyun), is a small low-lying island in Burdeos municipality, Quezon, Calabarzon, Philippines, at 14.88°N 121.98°E, elevation 3 m, near Icol, Cabalao, and San Rafael islands.

Aloys Wobben

Aloys Wobben (1952–2021) was a German electrical engineer who founded the wind turbine manufacturer ENERCON in Aurich in 1984 and pioneered the gearless direct-drive turbine.

Aloysia

Aloysia Paláu is a genus of about 30-41 species of aromatic American shrubs in Verbenaceae, tribe Lantaneae, centered in South America; best known for lemon verbena (Aloysia citrodora), used in teas, flavoring, and folk medicine.

Aloysia citrodora

Aloysia citrodora (lemon verbena, lemon beebrush; syn. Aloysia triphylla, Lippia citriodora) is a lemon-scented Verbenaceae shrub native to southern Bolivia and northwest Argentina, grown for herbal tea and medicine; verbascoside is its key extract constituent.

Aloysio Janner

Aloysio Janner (1928, Muralto, Switzerland – 2016) was a Swiss theoretical physicist who co-founded superspace crystallography with Ted Janssen and Pim de Wolff at Nijmegen, winning the 2014 Ewald Prize.

Aloysius Gonzaga

Aloysius Gonzaga, born Luigi Gonzaga, was an Italian aristocrat who renounced his inheritance to become a Jesuit and died in 1591 nursing plague victims in Rome.

Aloysius Pang

Aloysius Pang (冯伟衷, Pang Wei Chong, 1990-2019) was a Singaporean Mediacorp actor, Star Awards Best Newcomer 2015, who died of crush injuries sustained while maintaining a self-propelled howitzer during SAF reservist training in New Zealand.

Aloysius Pendergast

Aloysius Xingu Leng Pendergast, also A.X.L. Pendergast, is the fictional eccentric FBI Special Agent created by Douglas Preston and Lincoln Child, debuting in Relic (1995) and starring in over twenty thrillers.

Aloysius Stepinac

Aloysius Stepinac, also known as Alojzije Stepinac, was Archbishop of Zagreb from 1937 and a cardinal, tried and imprisoned by Yugoslavia's communist government in 1946.

Alp Arslan

Alp Arslan (Moḥammad b. Dāwūd, 1029-1072), second Great Seljuq sultan from 1063, victor over Romanos IV at Manzikert on 26 August 1071, ruled with vizier Nizam al-Mulk, named Malik Shah heir, and was assassinated on his 1072 Transoxiana campaign.

Alp Qutlugh Bilge Qaghan

Alp Qutlugh Bilge Qaghan, personal name Tun Baga Tarqan (頓莫賀達干), was the fourth qaghan of the Uyghur Khaganate, reigning from 779 to 789 after killing his predecessor Bögü Qaghan.

Alpaca

The alpaca (Vicugna pacos) is a domesticated South American camelid of the Andes, bred primarily for its fine fleece, and descended from the wild vicuña.

Alpaca (site)

Alpaca Farm (alpaca.co.il) is an Israeli visitor farm keeping alpacas and llamas, with guided tours, hand-feeding, and a wool factory visit; adult admission 50 shekels, open Thursday to Sunday.

Alpaca dataset

The Alpaca dataset is a collection of 52,000 instruction-following examples released by Stanford's CRFM in March 2023, generated by text-davinci-003 for under $500 and used to fine-tune LLaMA 7B into the Alpaca model.

AlpacaEval

AlpacaEval is an automatic, LLM-judged benchmark and leaderboard for instruction-following chat models, built at Stanford and released in 2023, best known for its length-controlled win rate.

Alpamysh

Alpamysh (Uzbek: Alpomish) is a Turkic heroic dastan, an ornate oral epic whose versions belong to Uzbek, Karakalpak, and Kazakh traditions and holds a place in Uzbek culture like a national epic.

Alpan Fluctus

Alpan Fluctus is a 500 km diameter lava flow field (fluctus) on Venus at 7.5°S, 349°E, named in 1997 for a Lezghin fire goddess of Daghestan and approved by the IAU.

Alparslan Kuytul

Alparslan Kuytul (born 1965, Adana) is the founder and leader of the Furkan Movement (Furkan Vakfı), founded 22 November 1994. A civil engineer and Al-Azhar Islamic law graduate, he is known for AK Parti criticism, two imprisonments, a 2020 acquittal, and the 2026 detentions.

Alpayim

Alpayim (Hebrew: אלפיים, "Two Thousand") was an Israeli interdisciplinary journal for essay, thought, and literature, published by Am Oved about twice a year from 1989 to 2009.

Alpe d'Huez

Alpe d'Huez, French Alps ski resort in Isère on the Grandes Rousses massif; ~250 km of slopes, Pic Blanc 3,300 m, 21-hairpin Tour de France climb, first mountain-top finish 1952, operated by SATA.

Alpelisib

Alpelisib, sold as Piqray and Vijoice, is an oral PI3Kα inhibitor approved by the FDA in 2019, with fulvestrant, for PIK3CA-mutated hormone receptor-positive breast cancer.

Alpen (food)

Alpen is a Swiss-style muesli breakfast cereal launched in 1971 by Weetabix, inspired by Swiss muesli; made of wheat flakes, oats, raisins, milk powder, and nuts, now owned by Post Holdings.

AlpenFury

AlpenFury is a Premier Rides dual-launch LSM coaster at Canada's Wonderland, Vaughan, Ontario, opened 12 July 2025. Canada's longest, tallest, fastest launch coaster: 50 m launch, 115 km/h, 1,000 m track, 7-9 disputed inversions.

Alpensia Casino

Alpensia Casino (알펜시아 카지노) is a foreigners-only casino at Alpensia Resort, Pyeongchang, Gangwon, South Korea, opened March 22, 2012 in the Holiday Inn hotel; owned via Landing International, it is the country's smallest casino.

Alpensia Resort (알펜시아 리조트)

Alpensia Resort (알펜시아 리조트), Pyeongchang, South Korea: four-season resort opened 2009, main venue of the 2018 Winter Olympics (ski jumping, biathlon, cross-country), sold to KH Gangwon Development in 2021 for 710 billion won.