All articles A–Z
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Amy Yasbeck
Amy Yasbeck, American comedic actress born 1962 in Cincinnati, Ohio, known for Wings (Casey), The Mask, Robin Hood: Men in Tights, and Problem Child; widow of John Ritter and founder of the John Ritter Foundation for Aortic Health.
Amy-Leigh Hickman
Amy-Leigh Hickman (born 1997, Hastings, England) is an English actress known for Carmen Howle in Tracy Beaker Returns, Nasreen Paracha in Ackley Bridge (RTS Yorkshire Award 2020), Nadia in Netflix's You, and roles in Safe, Our Girl, and Ruby Speaking.
Amy's Baking Company
Amy's Baking Company, Scottsdale, Arizona restaurant of Amy and Samy Bouzaglo; only Kitchen Nightmares episode where Gordon Ramsay walked out (aired May 10, 2013); closed September 2015 after social media meltdown.
Amybeth McNulty
Amybeth McNulty (born 2001) is an Irish-Canadian actress from Letterkenny, Donegal, who starred as Anne Shirley in Anne with an E (2017–2019) and plays Vickie in Stranger Things.
Amycolatopsis
Amycolatopsis: a genus of high-GC, gram-positive actinobacteria (Pseudonocardiaceae) formerly placed in Streptomyces and Nocardia; soil-dwelling filamentous bacteria producing rifamycin, vancomycin, and ristocetin, with large 5.6-10.9 Mb genomes.
aMYELOIDr study
aMYELOIDr (Austrian Myeloid Registry, AGMT_aMYELOIDr, NCT04438889) is a non-interventional Austrian registry study of MDS, CMML, and AML, sponsored by AGMT, targeting 3,000 patients since 2020 with an optional biobank.
Amygdala
Amygdala: group of nuclei in the anterior medial temporal lobe central to fear conditioning, emotion recognition, and memory modulation; key divisions are the basolateral complex, central nucleus, and medial amygdala; landmark evidence from patient S.M. with Urbach-Wiethe disease.
Amygdala hijack
Amygdala hijack, also called emotional hijack, is Daniel Goleman's 1995 term for a sudden emotional takeover of rational thought by the amygdala; modern neuroscience rejects the fear-center mechanism it assumes.
Amygdalin
Amygdalin, also called laetrile or vitamin B-17, is a cyanogenic glycoside from bitter almonds and apricot pits, promoted as an unproven cancer remedy; no controlled trials support it, and it can cause fatal cyanide poisoning.
Amygdalohippocampectomy
Amygdalohippocampectomy is a neurosurgical operation that selectively removes the amygdala and anterior hippocampus to treat drug-resistant mesial temporal lobe epilepsy, sparing the lateral temporal cortex.
Amyl acetate
Amyl acetate, also called pentyl acetate, is the acetate ester of pentanol, a colorless liquid with a persistent banana-like odor used chiefly as a solvent for lacquers, paints, and inks.
Amyl and the Sniffers
Amyl and the Sniffers, Australian Melbourne punk band formed 2016 by Amy Taylor, Declan Mehrtens, Gus Romer, Bryce Wilson; albums Amyl and the Sniffers (2019), Comfort to Me (2021), Cartoon Darkness (2024).
Amyl nitrite
Amyl nitrite, also known as isoamyl nitrite, is a clear yellowish, flammable liquid that relaxes vascular smooth muscle; used for angina since 1867 and once a cyanide antidote.
Amylase
Amylase (diastase, ptyalin): digestive enzyme hydrolyzing starch's glycosidic bonds into sugars; secreted by pancreas and salivary glands; three classes α, β, γ; AMY1/AMY2 copy number variation; major industrial enzyme.
Amylin
Amylin (islet amyloid polypeptide, IAPP) is a 37-amino acid peptide hormone co-secreted with insulin from pancreatic beta cells; it slows gastric emptying, suppresses glucagon, induces satiety, forms islet amyloid in type 2 diabetes, and is the basis of pramlintide and new obesity drugs like CagriSema.
Amyloid
An amyloid is a highly ordered fibrous protein aggregate whose β-strands form a cross-β sheet, associated with Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and type 2 diabetes, while some amyloids serve useful functions in bacteria and mammals.
Amyloid beta
Amyloid beta (Aβ, beta-amyloid) is a 36-43 amino acid peptide cleaved from APP by β- and γ-secretases; the main plaque component in Alzheimer's disease, a proposed innate immune antimicrobial peptide, and the target of lecanemab and donanemab.
Amyloid PET
Amyloid PET is a brain positron emission tomography scan measuring amyloid-β plaque density in adults with cognitive impairment, used to select and monitor amyloid antibody therapy.
Amyloidosis
Amyloidosis: group of disorders in which misfolded proteins (light chains, serum amyloid A, transthyretin) form beta-sheet fibrils depositing in heart, kidneys, nerves, and liver. Types AL, AA, ATTR; diagnosed by biopsy with mass spectrometry typing; treated by type-specific drugs.
Amyloidosis cutis dyschromia
Amyloidosis cutis dyschromia (amyloidosis cutis dyschromica, ACD), a rare autosomal-recessive primary cutaneous amyloidosis causing reticulate hyper- and hypopigmentation from papillary dermal keratinocyte-derived amyloid, linked to GPNMB mutations.
Amylopectin
Amylopectin is the highly branched glucose polymer that makes up the bulk of starch, generally 75% or more, linked by α-1,4 bonds with α-1,6 branches and responsible for starch's insoluble, semi-crystalline character.
Amylose
Amylose: the essentially linear α(1→4)-linked D-glucose polymer of starch, 5–35% of most starches, made by GBSS, colored dark blue by iodine, and the basis of high-amylose resistant starch.
Amylosucrase, catalytic domain
Amylosucrase catalytic domain: the (β/α)8-barrel A-domain of GH13 EC 2.4.1.4, the only GH13 polymerase, synthesizing α-1,4-glucan from sucrose via Asp192, Glu232, Glu328 and a B′-domain pocket.
Amynthas
Amynthas (jumping worms, crazy worms, snake worms) is an Asian megascolecid earthworm genus invasive in North America; key species A. agrestis and A. tokioensis, annual life cycle, smooth encircling clitellum, forest O-horizon loss.
Amynthas agrestis
Amynthas agrestis, known as the Asian jumping worm, is an invasive earthworm from east-central Asia, established across the eastern United States, where it consumes leaf litter and harms native species.
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis type 4
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis type 4, or ALS4, is a rare inherited motor neuron disease caused by SETX mutations, beginning before age 25 and allowing a normal life span.
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis-Plus
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis-Plus (ALS-Plus, ICD-11 8B60.5) is ALS with superimposed extrapyramidal, cerebellar, autonomic, oculomotor, or cognitive dysfunction; about 13.6% of a 550-patient cohort, with shorter survival and more pathogenic mutations than classic ALS.
Amyris
Amyris, Inc. is a synthetic biotechnology company in Emeryville, California, founded in 2003 to produce the anti-malarial artemisinin and later major ingredients like farnesene and squalane.
Amyrtaeus of Sais
Amyrtaeus of Sais (Greek Amyrtaios) was a prince of the Delta city of Sais who, invested as king of Egypt, joined Inaros in the rebellion against Persian king Artaxerxes I around 460 BC.
Amytis (daughter of Astyages)
Amytis was, according to the Greek historian Ctesias, a daughter of Astyages, the last king of the Medes, and later a wife of Cyrus the Great.