All articles A–Z
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Ancient history
Ancient history is the study of the written past from recorded history to the start of the Middle Ages, covering civilizations like the Phoenicians, Greeks, and Romans.
Ancient history of Afghanistan
Ancient history of Afghanistan: the Oxus civilization, Achaemenid satrapies of Bactria and Arachosia, Greek Ai Khanum, the Kushan Empire, Sasanian evidence such as the Rag-e Bibi relief, and Hephthalite rule.
Ancient Israel and Judah
Ancient Israel and Judah: two Iron Age Levantine kingdoms, capitals Samaria and Jerusalem, attested from the Merneptah Stele (c. 1207 BCE) and Tel Dan Stele; Israel fell to Assyria in 722 BCE, Judah to Babylon in 586 BCE.
Ancient Israelite cuisine
Ancient Israelite cuisine, also known as biblical cuisine, is the food of the ancient Israelites from the Iron Age until Roman times, centered on bread, wine, and olive oil.
Ancient Jericho
Ancient Jericho, known as Tell es-Sultan, is an archaeological mound near Jericho in the Jordan Valley, Palestine, occupied since about 10,500 BC and inscribed by UNESCO in 2023.
Ancient Ksour of Ouadane, Chinguetti, Tichitt and Oualata
Ancient Ksour of Ouadane, Chinguetti, Tichitt, and Oualata: four medieval fortified caravan towns (ksour) in Mauritania, founded 11th-12th centuries, UNESCO World Heritage Site since 1996 under criteria (iii), (iv), (v), known for stone courtyard architecture and manuscript libraries.
Ancient Libya
Ancient Libya (Greek Λιβύη) was the Greek name for northern Africa, the country of the indigenous Libyans, later most often the Greek colony of Cyrenaica, which Rome called Africa.
Ancient literature
Ancient literature: written and oral literary works of antiquity, c. 3000 BCE to 500 CE, from Mesopotamia, Egypt, India, China, Greece, and Rome; Sumerian is the oldest tradition, Enheduanna the earliest named author, and no classical work survives in its authorial manuscript.
Ancient Love Poetry (千古玦尘)
Ancient Love Poetry (千古玦尘, Qian Gu Jue Chen) is a 2021 Chinese xianxia romance television series starring Zhou Dongyu and Xu Kai, adapted from the novel Shang Gu.
Ancient Macedonian army
Ancient Macedonian army: Philip II's 359 BC reform force built around the sarissa phalanx and heavy cavalry; defeated Greek hoplites, enabled Alexander's Persian conquest, and modeled Hellenistic armies.
Ancient Macedonians
Ancient Macedonians: people of the Macedonian kingdom (7th–2nd century BC, southern Balkans); their language is classed as a north-western Greek dialect; monarchy under Philip II and Alexander, ended by Roman conquest at Pydna, 168 BC.
Ancient Maya City and Protected Tropical Forests of Calakmul, Campeche (site)
Mixed UNESCO World Heritage site in Campeche, Mexico (inscribed 2002, extended 2014): the Maya city of Calakmul, seat of the Kaan dynasty, plus 331,397 ha of protected tropical forest within the Calakmul Biosphere Reserve.
Ancient Mesopotamian canal administration
Ancient Mesopotamian canal administration is the set of institutions by which early southern Mesopotamian and Assyrian states organized construction, maintenance, and taxation of irrigation canals.
Ancient Mesopotamian religion
Ancient Mesopotamian religion, also called Sumerian, Akkadian, Babylonian, and Assyrian religion, is the polytheistic temple-centered faith of ancient Iraq's peoples from the fourth to first millennia BCE, worshipping humanlike gods such as Enlil, Inanna-Ishtar, Marduk, and Ashur through cult statues, offerings, and divination.
Ancient Mesopotamian units of measurement
Ancient Mesopotamian units of measurement, also called Mesopotamian weights and measures, were the units used in cuneiform records from the late fourth millennium BCE, built on base 60 counting.
Ancient Methods
Ancient Methods is the industrial techno project of German producer Michael Wollenhaupt, founded in Berlin in 2007, tagged "pitch black techno war funk", and known for nine Berghain Klubnacht performances.
Ancient Mound (Bihar 35)
Ancient Mound (Bihar 35) is the ASI centrally protected ancient mound at Bargaon, Nalanda district, Bihar, part of the Nalanda Mahavihara landscape; thermoluminescence dating gives a 204 BC to 602 AD calendar range.
Ancient Mound (Madhya Pradesh 164)
Ancient Mound (Vaishya Tekri), Undasa, Ujjain district, Madhya Pradesh: a centrally protected ASI mound where 1938-39 Gwalior State excavation exposed a huge brick stupa, base about 350 feet, possibly Mauryan; fresh excavation proposed.
Ancient Mound (Rajasthan 76)
Ancient Mound (Rajasthan 76), the protected mound at Gariagarh (Newai), Tonk district, Rajasthan: a 300 x 200 m historical-period site with red and grey ware, iron-slag, and Gupta-period or earlier deposits.
Ancient Mound (Rajasthan 79)
Ancient Mound (Rajasthan 79), also called Nagar mound, is an ASI centrally protected archaeological mound at Nagar, Uniara tehsil, Tonk district, Rajasthan, under Jaipur Circle; the ancient city site Karkota Nagar covers nearly 5 square kilometres.
Ancient Mound and Ruined Brick Walls Together With Adjucent Land Comprising of Survey Plot No. 399
Ancient Mound and Ruined Brick Walls, Survey Plot No. 399, Maner: a centrally protected ASI archaeological site in Patna district, Bihar, about 1 km northwest of Makhdum Shah's tomb; mounds and brick-wall traces of an earlier settlement, now encroached and proposed for delisting.
Ancient Mound and Ruined Brick Walls Together With Adjucent Land Comprising Part of Survey Plot No. 608 & 611
Ancient Mound and Ruined Brick Walls (survey plots 608 & 611), Maner, Patna district, Bihar: a centrally protected ASI monument, a low mound with an east-west brick wall about 1 km northwest of Makhdum Shah Daulat's tomb, non-ticketed, Patna Circle.
Ancient Mound Called Thakurani Tilla
Thakurani Tilla is an ancient mound at Paschim Pilak in Tripura, India, where excavations revealed a brick temple complex of the 10th to 13th centuries.
Ancient Mound in Part of S. No. 855 A
Ancient Mound in part of S. No. 855 A, Ramatirtham, SPSR Nellore district, Andhra Pradesh: a centrally protected ASI archaeological mound, Sl. No. 115 (N-AP-115), Amaravati Circle, distinct from the Vizianagaram and Prakasam Ramatirtham sites.
Ancient Mounds in S. No. 501 1
Ancient Mounds in S. No. 501-1 (N-AP-134) are ASI-protected archaeological mounds at Pedavegi, Eluru district, Andhra Pradesh, covering ancient Vengipura, capital of the Salankayana, Vishnukundin, and Eastern Chalukya dynasties.
Ancient Mounds Situated To the South East of the Fort Immediately Beyond the Moat Outside on Which A Modern Temple of Jagannath Stands
Ancient mounds at Pauni, Bhandara district, Maharashtra, also called Jagannatha Tekdi, outside the old fort's moat and crowned by a modern Jagannath temple; excavated 1969-70 and 1994 as a second-century BCE Hinayana brick stupa complex of the early historic Vidarbha city.
Ancient Near East
Ancient Near East: the historic region from Turkey and Egypt to Iran and the Indus Valley, home of Sumer, the first cities, cuneiform writing, and the Akkadian and Persian empires.
Ancient Near Eastern cosmology
Ancient Near Eastern cosmology is the set of ideas about the universe held by the peoples of Mesopotamia and ancient Israel, attested in cuneiform and biblical texts.
Ancient non-Roman water conduits
Ancient non-Roman water conduits are engineered channels, tunnels, and pipes that civilizations outside the Roman tradition used to move water, from Persian qanats to Peru's Cumbe Mayo aqueduct.
Ancient Olympic Games
Ancient Olympic Games (Olympia festival contests): four-yearly religious festival of Zeus at Olympia, 776 BC to AD 393, stadion race first event, Olympic Truce, olive wreaths, banned by Theodosius I, revived 1896.