All articles A–Z

Hybrid A*

Hybrid A is a path-planning algorithm for non-holonomic vehicles such as cars, introduced by Dmitri Dolgov and colleagues at Stanford and used in the 2007 DARPA Urban Challenge.

Hybrid ablation is a treatment for atrial fibrillation that combines minimally invasive surgical ablation on the outside of the heart with catheter ablation on the inside, so lesions extend through the full atrial wall.

Hybrid Air Vehicles Airlander 10

The Airlander 10, nicknamed the Flying Bum, is a British hybrid aircraft by Hybrid Air Vehicles carrying 100 passengers or 10 tonnes of freight, with up to five days airborne and no runway needed.

Hybrid airship

A hybrid airship is a powered lighter-than-air vehicle that derives lift from both buoyant gas and aerodynamic hull shape, letting it load and unload without ballast.

Hybrid argon plasma coagulation

Hybrid argon plasma coagulation (HAPC, also HybridAPC) is an endoscopic technique that combines submucosal saline injection with argon plasma coagulation through one catheter, mainly for Barrett's esophagus ablation.

Hybrid attention–SSM architectures

A hybrid attention–SSM architecture is a language-model design that interleaves a minority of full-attention layers with a majority of linear-time state-space layers, keeping exact retrieval while cutting memory cost.

Hybrid automatic repeat request

Hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) is an error-control method for wireless communication that combines forward error correction coding with ARQ retransmission, and is implemented in standards such as LTE and 5G NR.

Hybrid automaton

A hybrid automaton is a mathematical model combining continuous dynamics described by differential equations with discrete events, extending finite-state machines; it was introduced at Cornell in 1993.

Hybrid beamforming

Hybrid beamforming is a signal processing technique for millimeter-wave massive MIMO systems that splits beamforming between an analog RF phase-shifter network and a digital baseband precoder.

Hybrid bicycle

A hybrid bicycle, or hybrid bike, blends road and mountain bike features, with flat handlebars, an upright position, and slick tires for commuting and leisure riding.

Hybrid bonded-bolted joint

A hybrid bonded-bolted joint is a structural connection joining materials with both adhesive bonding and bolts, combining the bondline's even load distribution with the bolts' damage tolerance.

Hybrid bonding

Hybrid bonding is a 3D chip integration technology joining semiconductor dies with dielectric and copper-to-copper bonds in one step, enabling far denser interconnects than solder microbumps.

Hybrid capture

Hybrid capture is a targeted sequencing method that enriches specific genomic regions before sequencing, using biotinylated probes and streptavidin beads; it underlies exome sequencing and custom clinical panels.

Hybrid coordination function

The hybrid coordination function (HCF) is the IEEE 802.11e medium access control technique providing quality of service in wireless LANs, combining the contention-based EDCA and the polling-based HCCA access methods.

Hybrid coronary revascularization

Hybrid coronary revascularization (HCR) combines minimally invasive LIMA-LAD bypass grafting with PCI for non-LAD lesions in multivessel coronary disease; introduced in the mid-1990s, it lowers perioperative morbidity versus CABG but raises repeat revascularization.

Hybrid coupler

A hybrid coupler is a four-port passive microwave device that divides an input signal into two equal-power outputs 90° or 180° apart in phase, with the fourth port isolated.

Hybrid drive

A hybrid drive, or solid state hybrid drive (SSHD), combines a hard disk drive with a small NAND flash cache that speeds access to frequently used files.

Hybrid electric aircraft

A hybrid electric aircraft is an aircraft whose propulsion combines a fuel-burning engine with electric motors and onboard batteries, sitting between conventional and all-electric aircraft.

Hybrid electric vehicle

A hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) is a vehicle pairing an internal combustion engine with one or more electric motors and a battery, combining liquid fuel with reclaimed braking energy.

Hybrid encryption

Hybrid encryption encrypts a message with a fast symmetric cipher under a fresh random key, protecting that key with the recipient's public key, as in HPKE.

Hybrid force/position control

Hybrid force/position control is a robot control scheme that controls position in some task directions and contact force in others, introduced by Matthew T. Mason in 1981.

Hybrid functional

A hybrid functional is an exchange-correlation functional in Kohn-Sham density functional theory that mixes exact Hartree-Fock exchange with semilocal terms, introduced by Axel Becke in 1993 and widely used in chemistry.

Hybrid heat pump

A hybrid heat pump (HHP) is a heating system pairing an electric heat pump with a gas or oil boiler that covers peak demand and very cold conditions.

Hybrid HVDC breaker

A hybrid HVDC breaker is a high-voltage direct current circuit breaker combining a mechanical switch with power electronics to clear DC faults in milliseconds with low losses.

Hybrid III

The Hybrid III is a family of crash test dummies developed by General Motors in the 1970s to measure occupant injury responses in frontal vehicle crashes.

Hybrid imaging

Hybrid imaging is a medical imaging approach combining an anatomical scan (CT or MRI) with a functional scan (PET or SPECT), with main pairs PET/CT, PET/MRI, and SPECT/CT.

Oct 22, 2026

Hybrid improper ferroelectricity

Hybrid improper ferroelectricity is a mechanism in which spontaneous electric polarization arises through trilinear coupling of a polar mode to two nonpolar octahedral distortions in layered perovskite oxides.

Hybrid inflation

Hybrid inflation is a class of cosmological inflation models introduced by Andrei Linde in 1994, in which a second, waterfall field ends inflation abruptly at a critical point.

Hybrid kernel

A hybrid kernel is an operating system kernel architecture that combines monolithic and microkernel features, exemplified by Microsoft's Windows NT kernel and Apple's XNU in macOS and iOS.