All articles A–Z
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Hylocichla
Hylocichla (Baird, 1864) is a monotypic thrush genus (Turdidae) containing only the Wood Thrush, Hylocichla mustelina (Gmelin, 1789), an eastern North American migrant wintering from Mexico to Panama; once lumped with Catharus, now retained as separate on genetic evidence.
Hylocomium splendens
Hylocomium splendens (glittering woodmoss, stair-step moss, splendid feather moss) is a boreal pleurocarpous moss with red stems, paraphyllia, and annual stair-step segments, dominant in spruce forests and used as a pollution bioindicator.
Hylodes
Hylodes, also called Torrent Frogs or Tree Toads, is a genus of 26 diurnal stream-breeding frog species in Hylodidae, endemic to Atlantic Forest streams from Espírito Santo to Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
Hylodidae
Hylodidae, the Giant Neotropical Torrent Frogs, is a family of 48 stream-breeding frog species in four genera (Hylodes, Crossodactylus, Megaelosia, Phantasmarana) endemic to Atlantic Forest Brazil and northern Argentina, sister to Alsodidae within Neoaustrarana.
Hylomorphism
Hylomorphism, from Greek hyle (matter) and morphe (form), is Aristotle's theory that every physical object is a compound of matter and form; central to medieval scholasticism and revived in contemporary metaphysics, distinct from Cartesian dualism and atomism.
Hylotelephium telephium
Hylotelephium telephium (orpine, live-forever, formerly Sedum telephium) is a succulent Crassulaceae perennial native from Europe to the Russian Far East and N. China, parent of the garden hybrid 'Autumn Joy'.
Hyloxalus
Hyloxalus is a genus of about 65 Andean poison frogs (Dendrobatidae, Hyloxalinae), split from Colostethus in 2006, ranging from Panama to Bolivia, with male tadpole transport and moss-microhabitat species like H. subpunctatus.
Hylton v. United States
Hylton v. United States, 3 U.S. 171 (1796), the first Supreme Court ruling on direct taxes, upheld the 1794 carriage tax as an indirect excise, limiting direct taxes to capitation and land taxes, and prefigured judicial review before Marbury.
Hyman B. Muss
Hyman B. Muss is an American medical oncologist specializing in geriatric oncology and breast cancer, who led the first chemotherapy trial in older patients with early-stage breast cancer.
Hyman Bass
Hyman Bass (born 1932) is an American mathematician who founded algebraic K-theory and later studied the mathematical knowledge teachers need, winning the National Medal of Science in 2007.
Hyman G. Rickover
Hyman G. Rickover (Chaim Gdala Rykower, 1900–1986), American admiral called the Father of the Nuclear Navy; directed Naval Reactors 1949–1982, built USS Nautilus, served 63 years, won two Congressional Gold Medals.
Hyman J. Zimmerman
Hyman J. Zimmerman (1914–1999) was an American hepatologist who created the modern study of drug-induced liver injury; his observation became Hy's law, used in FDA drug-safety evaluation.
Hyman Minsky
Hyman Minsky, born Hyman Philip Minsky, was an American economist, 1919 to 1996, whose financial instability hypothesis argues prolonged stability breeds fragile financing and severe crises; the 2008 financial crisis made his work famous.
Hyman Roth
Hyman Roth is the fictional Jewish mobster in The Godfather Part II (1974), played by Lee Strasberg in his film debut and based on gangster Meyer Lansky; Roth draws Michael Corleone into Havana casino schemes before betraying him, earning Strasberg a Best Supporting Actor Oscar nomination.
Hymen
Hymen: thin tissue at the vaginal opening, also called the maidenhead, with no known function. Its appearance cannot indicate sexual history; WHO and UN agencies condemn hymen-based virginity testing as unscientific and harmful.
Hymen's war terrific
Hymen's war terrific, from satirist John Wolcot (Peter Pindar), names the 1817-19 race of George III's younger sons, dukes Clarence, Kent, and Cambridge, to marry and sire heirs after Princess Charlotte's death, producing Queen Victoria.
Hymenaea
Hymenaea (jatobá) is a genus of resin-producing legume trees of tropical America and East Africa; H. courbaril yields hard timber, edible pulp, and copal resin, and Hymenaea resin produced Mexican, Dominican, and Ethiopian Miocene ambers.
Hymenaea courbaril
Hymenaea courbaril (jatobá, West Indian locust) is a 30-50 m Neotropical legume tree from Mexico to southeastern Brazil, yielding copal resin, dense timber, and starchy edible pod pulp; formerly six varieties, split into three species in 2014.
Hymenochaetaceae
Hymenochaetaceae (Donk, 1948) is the largest family of the Hymenochaetales, wood-inhabiting white-rot basidiomycete fungi including Phellinus, Inonotus, Fomitiporia, and Hymenochaete, with 44 genera and 973 species.
Hymenochaetales
Hymenochaetales (Hymenochaete-type order, hymenochaetoid clade) is an Agaricomycetes order of mostly white-rot wood fungi, including pathogens Onnia and Porodaedalea and medicinal Sanghuangporus; ~1,200-1,651 species, likely originating in temperate Asia.
Hymenolaimus
Hymenolaimus, also called the blue duck or whio (Hymenolaimus malacorhynchos), is a monotypic New Zealand duck genus in Anatidae; a river-specialist, IUCN Endangered species of fast-flowing forest streams.
Hymenolepiasis
Hymenolepiasis, infection by the dwarf tapeworm Hymenolepis nana (also H. diminuta), the most common human cestode infection; spread by immediately infective eggs, capable of internal autoinfection, treated with praziquantel.
Hymenolepis nana
Hymenolepis nana, the dwarf tapeworm, is a small tapeworm that infects the small intestine of humans and rodents, causing hymenolepiasis, possibly the most common human tapeworm infection worldwide.
Hymenophyllaceae
Hymenophyllaceae, the filmy ferns, are a fern family of roughly 430 to more than 600 species, mostly tropical, whose fronds are only a single cell thick between the veins.
Hymenophyllales
Hymenophyllales, the filmy ferns, is an order of leptosporangiate ferns with the single family Hymenophyllaceae; fronds one or few cells thick, no stomata, over 600 species, mostly tropical rainforest epiphytes.
Hymenophyllum
Hymenophyllum, the filmy fern genus of Hymenophyllaceae, has 316 accepted species with one-cell-thick, stomata-free fronds, bivalved sori, cosmopolitan humid-forest range, and poikilohydric desiccation tolerance.
Hymenophyllum australe
Hymenophyllum australe (Austral filmy fern), formerly H. atrovirens in New Zealand, is a Hymenophyllaceae fern native to SE Australia, New Zealand, and Vanuatu, growing on rocks near streams or as an epiphyte in wet montane forests; fronds 6–20 cm, n=36.
Hymenophyllum tunbrigense
Hymenophyllum tunbrigense, Tunbridge filmy fern, a filmy fern of Hymenophyllaceae with toothed-indusium spore cases, bluish-green 2-10 cm fronds, disjunct Europe-Africa-Tristan da Cunha range, and sharp southeastern England decline.
Hymenoptera
Hymenoptera (sawflies, wasps, ants, bees) is a mega-diverse insect order with over 154,000 described species, 29 extant superfamilies, diversification from about 281 mya, a single origin of parasitoidism, and bees rooted within Crabronidae.
Hymenopus coronatus
Hymenopus coronatus, the orchid mantis, is a Southeast Asian flower-mimicking mantis (Olivier, 1792) whose UV-absorbing white coloration and honeybee chemical mimicry lure pollinators better than real flowers; females reach 60–65 mm versus 25–30 mm males.