All articles A–Z

Independence of Suriname

The independence of Suriname, called Srefidensi in Sranantongo, ended Dutch colonial rule begun in 1667 on 25 November 1975, when the Act of Recognition was signed in Paramaribo.

Independence of Tajikistan

Tajikistan proclaimed its independence from the collapsing Soviet Union on 9 September 1991, a date now celebrated as Independence Day, then suffered a five-year civil war.

Independence of Tanganyika

The independence of Tanganyika was the peaceful transfer of sovereignty over the British-administered trust territory on 9 December 1961, under Prime Minister Julius Nyerere and the TANU party.

Independence of the Bahamas

The Bahamas attained independence from Britain on 10 July 1973, becoming the Commonwealth of The Bahamas under Prime Minister Lynden Pindling and remaining a monarchy within the Commonwealth.

Independence of the Comoros

The independence of the Comoros made the French overseas territory an independent state on 6 July 1975, while Mayotte voted to stay with France and remains disputed.

Independence of Trinidad and Tobago

The independence of Trinidad and Tobago took effect on 31 August 1962, when the British colony became a sovereign Commonwealth state with Dr. Eric Williams as its first Prime Minister.

Independence of Turkmenistan: established 27 October 1991 after a 26 October referendum (94 percent for), via Constitutional Law No. 573-XII; UN member March 1992; permanent neutrality recognized by the UN in 1995, 2015, and 2025.

Independence of Tuvalu

The independence of Tuvalu was attained on 1 October 1978, when the former Ellice Islands, separated from the Gilbert and Ellice Islands Colony, became a sovereign state within the Commonwealth.

Independence of Uganda

The independence of Uganda was the transfer of sovereignty from Britain to the Uganda Protectorate on 9 October 1962, after 68 years of colonial rule dating to 1894.

Independence of Uruguay

The independence of Uruguay created the Oriental Republic of Uruguay from the Banda Oriental, through the 1825 declaration of independence from Brazil and the 1828 Preliminary Peace Convention.

Independence of Uzbekistan

The independence of Uzbekistan was proclaimed on 31 August 1991, when the Supreme Soviet renamed the Uzbek SSR the Republic of Uzbekistan, months before the Soviet Union dissolved.

Independence of Vanuatu

The independence of Vanuatu took place on 30 July 1980, ending 74 years of Anglo-French rule over the New Hebrides and creating the sovereign Republic of Vanuatu.

Independence of Zimbabwe

The independence of Zimbabwe was the transfer of power on 18 April 1980 to the newly named Republic of Zimbabwe, ending the white-minority Rhodesian state declared in 1965.

Independence Party (Iceland)

Independence Party (Sjálfstæðisflokkurinn), Iceland's liberal-conservative party founded 25 May 1929 from the Conservative and Liberal parties; led by Guðrún Hafsteinsdóttir since 2025, it won the largest vote share in every election except 2009 and 2024 and has joined 25 of 35 governments since 1944.

Independence Party of New York

The Independence Party of New York was a fusion-voting minor party on the state ballot from 1995 to 2020, peaking at 474,011 enrolled voters, cross-endorsing Cuomo, and losing ballot status in 2020 under new thresholds.

Independence polynomial

The independence polynomial, also known as the independent set polynomial or stable set polynomial, is the graph polynomial that counts a graph's independent sets by size.

Independence property (model theory)

The independence property in model theory is a combinatorial property of formulas, isolated by Shelah as a dividing line marking the boundary of NIP, or dependent, theories.

Independence Steam Station

Independence Steam Station, formally the Independence Steam Electric Station, is a two-unit coal-fired power plant near Newark, Arkansas, operated by Entergy Arkansas, with units online in 1983 and 1984.

Sep 29, 2026

Independence test (statistics)

An independence test, or independence testing, is a statistical hypothesis test assessing whether two variables are statistically independent, using methods such as chi-squared, distance covariance, and HSIC.

Independence Trail Natural Gas Pipeline

The Independence Trail is a 134-mile natural gas pipeline in the Gulf of Mexico, owned by Enterprise Products Partners, linking the Independence Hub to the Tennessee Gas Pipeline.

Independence-class aircraft carrier

The Independence class was a class of nine light aircraft carriers built for the United States Navy in World War II by converting Cleveland-class cruiser hulls.

Independence-class littoral combat ship

The Independence class is a class of aluminum-hulled trimaran littoral combat ships built for the United States Navy by Austal USA, one of two LCS variants alongside the Freedom class.

Independence, Missouri

Independence, Missouri: city in Jackson County founded 1827, eastern terminus of the Santa Fe Trail and outfitting point for the Oregon and California Trails, nicknamed Queen City of the Trails, and hometown of President Harry S. Truman.

Independent Albania

Independent Albania: first Albanian state, declared at Vlora 28 November 1912 by Ismail Qemali, recognized de jure by the six Great Powers on 29 July 1913 as a neutral hereditary principality with borders fixed by the London Conference, excluding Kosovo.

Independent Alliance (UK)

The Independent Alliance (UK) is a political party in formation, established on September 2, 2024, by six independent Members of Parliament elected in the July 2024 general election.

Independent and identically distributed random variables

Independent and identically distributed (i.i.d. or IID) random variables are mutually independent variables that all follow the same probability distribution, modeled on repeated throws of a die.

Independent and neutral Paralympic athletes

Independent and neutral Paralympic athletes competed as Neutral Paralympic Athletes (NPA) at Paris 2024, after the IPC partially suspended the Russian and Belarusian delegations over the invasion of Ukraine.

Independent Broadcasting Authority

Independent Broadcasting Authority (IBA), UK regulator and transmitter operator for commercial TV and radio 1972-1990, created from the ITA, ran ITV, Channel 4/S4C and ILR transmitters, dissolved into the ITC and Radio Authority in 1991.

Independent circuit

The independent circuit is the decentralized network of professional wrestling promotions outside major companies like WWE and AEW, where freelancing wrestlers work multiple promotions; it grew from the 1980s territory collapse and now streams via IWTV and MyAEW.