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Indonesia–Malaysia confrontation
Indonesia–Malaysia confrontation (Konfrontasi): Indonesia's undeclared 1963–1966 low-intensity war to crush the new Malaysian federation, fought on the Borneo border, ending with the 11 August 1966 Bangkok peace treaty.
Indonesia–Papua New Guinea relations
Indonesia–Papua New Guinea relations: bilateral ties across a 760 km New Guinea border, framed by the 1986 Treaty of Mutual Respect, the 1990 Basic Border Agreement, and the 2024 Defence Cooperation Agreement.
Indonesia–South Korea free trade agreement
The Indonesia–South Korea free trade agreement, formally the Indonesia–Korea Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement (IK-CEPA), is a bilateral trade treaty signed in Seoul in 2020 and in force since 2023, eliminating most tariffs between the countries.
Indonesia–Timor-Leste border
The Indonesia–Timor-Leste border is the boundary on Timor island between Indonesia's East Nusa Tenggara and Timor-Leste, 125 km long and surrounding the Oe-Cusse Ambeno exclave.
Indonesia's withdrawal from the United Nations
Indonesia's withdrawal from the United Nations was announced on 7 January 1965 after Malaysia joined the Security Council, and ended when Indonesia resumed full cooperation in September 1966.
Indonesian Air Force
Indonesian Air Force (TNI-AU, Tentara Nasional Indonesia Angkatan Udara), Indonesia's air service branch founded 1946. Operates F-16, Su-27/30, and new Rafale, J-10C, and KAAN fighter orders across the world's largest archipelago.
Indonesian Army
The Indonesian Army (TNI AD, Tentara Nasional Indonesia Angkatan Darat) is the land branch of Indonesia's armed forces, founded via BKR, TKR, and TRI and formalized as TNI in June 1947; known for territorial commands, the post-1998 end of dwifungsi, and recent expansion.
Indonesian Christian Party
The Indonesian Christian Party (Partai Kristen Indonesia, Parkindo) was a Protestant political party in Indonesia, founded in November 1945 and merged into the Indonesian Democratic Party in 1973.
Indonesian constitutional amendments
The Indonesian constitutional amendments were four revisions of the 1945 Constitution enacted by the People's Consultative Assembly from 1999 to 2002, creating a liberal constitutional democracy.
Indonesian cuisine
Indonesian cuisine is the diverse cooking tradition of Indonesia's 17,000-plus islands and nearly 300 ethnic groups, built on rice, spices, coconut milk, and sambal, shaped by Indian, Chinese, Arab, and European influences, with rendang, soto, and tempeh among its best-known dishes.
Indonesian Democratic Party
The Indonesian Democratic Party (Partai Demokrasi Indonesia, PDI) was a political party in Indonesia, created by the Suharto government in 1973 through a forced merger of five parties.
Indonesian Democratic Party of Struggle
Indonesian Democratic Party of Struggle (PDI-P, Partai Demokrasi Indonesia Perjuangan): nationalist Pancasila party founded 1999 from Sukarno's PNI lineage, led by Megawati Soekarnoputri, top Reform-era vote-winner, outside Prabowo's coalition since 2024.
Indonesian IMF rescue program
The Indonesian IMF rescue program was a package of IMF-led financing and policy conditions for Indonesia during the Asian financial crisis, first approved in November 1997.
Indonesian invasion of East Timor
Indonesian invasion of East Timor: Indonesia's 7 December 1975 invasion and 24-year occupation of former Portuguese Timor, causing up to 180,000 deaths, ended by the 1999 UN referendum and INTERFET, with independence in 2002.
Indonesian Islamic Union Party
The Indonesian Islamic Union Party (Partai Syarikat Islam Indonesia) was an Islamic political party in Indonesia, founded in 1923 and merged into the United Development Party in 1973.
Indonesian Labour Party
The Indonesian Labour Party (Partai Buruh) is an Indonesian political party founded on 5 October 2021 by more than 50 labor unions in Jakarta, led by Said Iqbal.
Indonesian language
Indonesian, also known as Bahasa Indonesia, is the official language of Indonesia, a standardized variety of Malay adopted at independence in 1945 and spoken by roughly 200 million people.
Indonesian mass killings of 1965–66
The Indonesian mass killings of 1965–66, also known as the Indonesian Genocide or Indonesian Politicide, were an army-directed campaign that killed an estimated 400,000 to 500,000 alleged communists.
Indonesian names
Indonesian names: no national naming system; mononyms (Soekarno), patronymics (-putra/-putri, bin/binti), Batak clan names, Balinese birth-order names, Chinese-Indonesian surnames, and Bapak/Ibu honorifics.
Indonesian National Armed Forces
Tentara Nasional Indonesia (TNI), the Indonesian National Armed Forces: three-service military founded 3 June 1947, formerly ABRI, 395,500 active personnel, main component of Indonesia's total defense system.
Indonesian National Awakening
The Indonesian National Awakening (Kebangkitan Nasional) was the early twentieth-century period when educated natives of the Dutch East Indies formed organizations seeking independence, achieved in 1945.
Indonesian National Police
Indonesian National Police (Kepolisian Negara Republik Indonesia, Polri), Indonesia's national civilian police force under the President, founded 1945, separated from the military in 1999, governed by Law No. 2 of 2002, with about 600,000 personnel.
Indonesian National Revolution
Indonesian National Revolution (Revolusi Nasional), 1945-1949: Sukarno and Hatta's 17 August 1945 proclamation through Linggadjati, Renville, two Dutch offensives, and the 27 December 1949 Round Table sovereignty transfer.
Indonesian Navy
Indonesian Navy (TNI-AL, Tentara Nasional Indonesia–Angkatan Laut): naval branch of Indonesia's armed forces; largest fleet in Southeast Asia with over 100 vessels, four Type 209 submarines, three Koarmada fleet commands, and its first aircraft carrier KRI Sriwijaya-100.
Indonesian occupation of East Timor
The Indonesian occupation of East Timor lasted from the invasion of 7 December 1975 until October 1999, when a United Nations-supervised referendum rejected Indonesian rule, leading to independence as Timor-Leste in 2002.
Indonesian rupiah
The Indonesian rupiah (Rp) is the official currency of Indonesia, issued solely by Bank Indonesia, first circulated in 1946 and targeted for a redenomination removing three zeroes by 2027.
Indonesian Socialist Party
The Indonesian Socialist Party, or PSI, was a cadre party of urban intellectuals founded by Sutan Sjahrir's followers in 1948 and dissolved by presidential decree in 1960.
Indonesian tax amnesty
The Indonesian tax amnesty (Pengampunan Pajak), under Law No. 11 of 2016, let taxpayers declare unreported assets for reduced fees and forgiveness of tax sanctions, running from July 2016 to March 2017.
Indonesian Throughflow
Indonesian Throughflow (ITF, Arus Lintas Indonesia): the only tropical interocean current, carrying warm, fresh Pacific water through Indonesian straits into the Indian Ocean at about 15 Sv, mainly via Makassar Strait, affecting ENSO and global climate.
Indonesians
Indonesians are the people of Indonesia, about 285.7 million in 2025, 55.65% on Java, with over 600 ethnic groups, roughly 700 regional languages, a Muslim majority, and Bahasa Indonesia as the unifying national language.