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Industrial espionage
Industrial espionage, also called economic or corporate espionage, is covert spying on competitors to steal trade secrets. Defined under the U.S. Economic Espionage Act (18 U.S.C. §§1831–1832); costs the U.S. economy hundreds of billions annually; methods include hacking, insiders, phishing, and AI-enabled tactics.
Industrial fermentation
Industrial fermentation: large-scale microbial cultivation in bioreactors producing foods, organic acids, solvents, enzymes, antibiotics, and biofuels; rooted in ancient brewing, industrialized via Pasteur, Buchner, and wartime penicillin; mostly run in fed-batch mode.
Industrial Growth Partners
Industrial Growth Partners is a San Francisco private equity firm, founded in 1997, that invests in middle-market industrial manufacturing and niche industrial services companies in North America.
Industrial heat pump
An industrial heat pump is a heat pump that upgrades heat for industrial processes, often using waste heat and delivering 3 to 5 times the efficiency of gas boilers.
Industrial heritage
Industrial heritage is the remains of industrial culture of historical, technological, social, architectural, or scientific value, from mines and factories to workers' housing, studied through industrial archaeology.
Industrial internet of things
The industrial internet of things (IIoT) applies networks of interconnected sensors, actuators, and computing devices to industrial production, improving productivity, efficiency, and safety under the Industry 4.0 vision.
Industrial Light & Magic
Industrial Light & Magic (ILM), founded by George Lucas on May 26, 1975 as Lucasfilm's Star Wars effects division, is a Disney-owned visual effects and virtual production studio with locations in San Francisco, Vancouver, London, Mumbai, and Sydney.
Industrial medicine
Industrial medicine, also called occupational medicine, is the medical specialty concerned with workers' health and the link between working conditions and disease or injury. It grew out of the nineteenth-century factory system.
Industrial metal
Industrial metal: late-1980s fusion of industrial music and heavy metal, using drum machines, samplers, and distorted, down-tuned guitars. Pioneered by Godflesh, Ministry, and Fear Factory; mainstreamed by Nine Inch Nails; distinct from industrial rock by its metal riffing.
Industrial microorganism strains and strain development
Industrial microorganism strains are microbes that produce useful compounds; strain development improves them through repeated random mutagenesis and screening, raising penicillin yields over a thousandfold.
Industrial Minera México
Industrial Minera México (IMMSA) is a Mexican underground mining company, descended from Asarco's Mexican operations dating to 1890, that produces zinc, lead, copper, silver, and gold at mines including Charcas and Santa Bárbara.
Industrial music
Industrial music: experimental electronic genre named after Throbbing Gristle's Industrial Records label (1976); Monte Cazazza's "Industrial Music for Industrial People"; first-wave acts Throbbing Gristle, Cabaret Voltaire, Einstürzende Neubauten; 1990s peak with Nine Inch Nails.
Industrial Party Trial
The Industrial Party Trial (Дело Промпартии) was a show trial held in Moscow in November and December 1930, in which eight Soviet engineers were convicted of a fabricated counter-revolutionary plot.
Industrial Patriotic Association
The Industrial Patriotic Association (産業報国会, Sangyō Hokokukai) was the mass labor organization through which wartime Japan organized workers after dissolving trade unions, its national body founded in 1940 and dissolved in 1945.
Industrial policy
Industrial policy, also called industrial strategy, is government policy that favors specific industries or firms over others to pursue public goals like growth, security, or decarbonization, with a major revival since 2020.
Industrial process control
Industrial process control is the engineering discipline behind stable operation in the process industries, built on PID control loops, control strategies like cascade and feedforward, and distributed control systems.
Industrial processes
Industrial processes are systematic mechanical, thermal, or chemical operations that convert raw materials into finished products, ranging from casting, machining, and welding to petroleum refining and cement manufacture.
Industrial production and uses of aniline
Aniline is a megatonne-scale commodity chemical intermediate, an aromatic amine made almost entirely by catalytic hydrogenation of nitrobenzene and consumed chiefly in making MDI for polyurethanes.
Industrial production of organic acids by fermentation
Industrial production of organic acids by fermentation is the manufacture of citric, lactic, gluconic, and itaconic acids by fungi such as Aspergillus niger, which supplies over 80% of the world's citric acid.
Industrial products of Aspergillus and Penicillium
Aspergillus and Penicillium molds are industrial microorganisms whose fermentation turns cheap sugars into citric acid, industrial enzymes, and fermented foods; Aspergillus niger supplies 99% of industrially made citric acid.
Industrial radiography
Industrial radiography, also known as radiographic testing, is the use of X-rays or gamma rays to inspect metal parts and welds for cracks, voids, and other internal defects without damaging the part.
Industrial relations
Industrial relations, also called employment relations or labor-management relations, is the field of study and practice concerned with the employment relationship, covering collective bargaining, works councils, and dispute resolution.
Industrial Revolution
The Industrial Revolution, beginning in 18th-century Britain around 1760-1840, transformed agrarian societies into industrial ones through steam power, cotton manufacturing, the factory system, and railways, followed by a Second Industrial Revolution.
Industrial robot
An industrial robot is a reprogrammable, multipurpose manipulator programmable in three or more axes, fixed or mobile, used for accurate repetitive factory work such as welding and assembly.
Industrial rock
Industrial rock is a fusion genre of industrial music and rock, using distorted guitars, drum machines, and samplers. Defined by Nine Inch Nails, Ministry, and KMFDM, it emerged in the 1980s, peaked commercially with The Downward Spiral (1994), and borders industrial metal.
Industrial society
Industrial society: a social organization based on mass production of commodities, emerging in Western Europe from the British Industrial Revolution (mid-18th to mid-19th century), powered by fossil fuels; contrasted with agrarian and postindustrial societies in sociology.
Industrial Society and Its Future
Industrial Society and Its Future, the 35,000-word Unabomber manifesto by Theodore Kaczynski (FC), published by the Washington Post in 1995, arguing industrial society cannot be reformed and must be destroyed.
Industrial symbiosis
Industrial symbiosis is the exchange of materials, energy, and by-products between separate industries so that one company's waste becomes another's input, as at Kalundborg, Denmark.
Industrial Technology Research Institute (工业技术研究院)
Industrial Technology Research Institute (ITRI; 工業技術研究院) is Taiwan's government-supported applied research institute, founded in 1973, which introduced integrated circuit technology to Taiwan and spun off TSMC and UMC.
Industrial training institute
An Industrial Training Institute (ITI) is a vocational training institute in India affiliated with the Directorate General of Training, offering one- or two-year trades courses.