All articles A–Z
519,064 articles
International Association of Public Transport
The International Association of Public Transport (UITP) is the worldwide association of public transport authorities, operators, and policy makers, founded in 1885 and headquartered in Brussels.
International Association of Sheet Metal, Air, Rail and Transportation Workers
SMART, the International Association of Sheet Metal, Air, Rail and Transportation Workers, is a North American labor union formed by the 2008 merger of the SMWIA and UTU, with about 230,000 members.
International Association of Theatre Critics
The International Association of Theatre Critics, in French Association Internationale des Critiques de Théâtre, is a non-profit organization of drama, opera, and dance critics founded in Paris in 1956.
International Asteroid Warning Network
The International Asteroid Warning Network (IAWN) is a UN-endorsed, NASA-coordinated collaboration of asteroid astronomers, created in 2013 after the Chelyabinsk airburst, that tracks hazardous near-Earth objects and issues impact warnings.
International Astronomical Union
The International Astronomical Union (IAU), founded 28 July 1919 in Brussels, is the international non-governmental body promoting astronomy and the recognized authority for naming celestial bodies; it defined planets in 2006 and has about 13,000 members.
International Atomic Energy Agency
International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA): UN-system autonomous organization founded 1957, headquartered in Vienna. Promotes peaceful nuclear technology, sets safety standards, and verifies NPT safeguards with 182 Comprehensive Safeguards Agreements.
International Atomic Time
International Atomic Time (TAI, Temps Atomique International) is a continuous time scale computed by the BIPM from about 450 atomic clocks worldwide, with no leap seconds.
International Auditing and Assurance Standards Board
The International Auditing and Assurance Standards Board (IAASB) is an independent standard-setting board founded in 1978 that issues International Standards on Auditing, used in more than 130 jurisdictions.
International auxiliary language
International auxiliary language (IAL): a constructed or natural second language for communication across native-language boundaries, never replacing mother tongues. Key projects: Volapük (1879), Esperanto (1887, Zamenhof), Ido, Interlingua (1951); Esperanto remains the most used, with no official status in any country.
International availability of McDonald's products
International availability of McDonald's products: how the chain sells a standardized core menu, like the Big Mac, in over 100 countries while adapting items such as India's McAloo Tikki and Japan's Teriyaki Burger to local tastes, religion, and sourcing.
International Axion Observatory
The International Axion Observatory (IAXO) is a proposed fourth-generation axion helioscope that would search for solar axions and axion-like particles using a large superconducting magnet and X-ray detectors.
International Baccalaureate
The International Baccalaureate (IB) is a Geneva-founded (1968) organization offering four programs for ages 3-19: PYP, MYP, the two-year Diploma Programme (six subject groups plus TOK, extended essay, CAS; 24/45 points to pass), and the Career-related Programme.
International Bank Account Number
The International Bank Account Number (IBAN) is a standardized way of writing a bank account number for cross-border payments, defined by ISO 13616 in 1997 and used in over 70 countries.
International Bank for Reconstruction and Development
The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD), established in 1945, is a lending arm of the World Bank Group, owned by 189 member countries and lending to middle-income governments.
International Bar Association
The International Bar Association (IBA), founded in New York in 1947, is an organization of bar associations and lawyers promoting justice under the rule of law.
International Barbershop Quartet Contest
The International Barbershop Quartet Contest is the Barbershop Harmony Society's annual championship for barbershop quartets, held since 1939, with medals awarded by classification and gold medalists retiring from competition.
International baseball federation
International Baseball Federation (IBAF), also IBF, FIBA, AINBA, IBA: world governing body for baseball founded 1938, led baseball into the 1992 Olympics, merged with the ISF into the WBSC on 14 April 2013 in Tokyo.
International Bathymetric Chart of the Southern Ocean
IBCSO is GEBCO's authoritative digital bathymetric model of the Southern Ocean around Antarctica. Version 1 (2013) covered south of 60°S; Version 2 (2022) extends to 50°S at 500 m resolution, AWI-led under Seabed 2030.
International biathlon union
International Biathlon Union (IBU), also Internationale Biathlon Union, the IOC-recognized governing body for biathlon, founded 1993 in London from the UIPMB with 57 members; based in Anif, Austria; led since 2026 by President Tim Farcnik.
International Biocontrol Manufacturers' Association
International Biocontrol Manufacturers Association (IBMA), founded 1995, Brussels-based global trade association of biocontrol manufacturers; 236 member companies; advocates faster EU authorisation under Regulation 1107/2009 via the Omnibus package; runs ABIM in Basel and the Bernard Blum Award.
International Blind Sports Federation
International Blind Sports Federation (IBSA), founded Paris 1981, is the IPC-recognised governing body for blind and visually impaired sport, governing Paralympic goalball, judo, and blind football, with 110+ member federations and president Ilgar Rahimov since 2023.
International Bluegrass Music Association
The International Bluegrass Music Association (IBMA) is a trade association for bluegrass music professionals, founded in October 1985 and based in Nashville, Tennessee, best known for its annual World of Bluegrass event.
International Bobsleigh and Skeleton Federation
International Bobsleigh and Skeleton Federation (IBSF), formerly FIBT, founded Paris 1923, Lausanne-based governing body for bobsleigh and skeleton; distinct from the identically abbreviated billiards federation; president Heike Groesswang from 2026.
International Booker Prize
The International Booker Prize, formerly the Man Booker International Prize, is a British annual literary award for a work of fiction translated into English, worth £100,000 split equally between author and translator.
International Bowling Federation
International Bowling Federation (IBF), formerly FIQ (1952) and World Bowling, is the Lausanne-based IOC/IPC-recognized governing body for tenpin, ninepin, and Para bowling, with 114 member federations, world championships, and Olympic promotion.
International Boxing Association
International Boxing Association (IBA), formerly AIBA (founded 1946), governs world amateur boxing; suspended by the IOC in 2019 and stripped of Olympic recognition in June 2023 over governance, Gazprom finances, and judging integrity, with rival World Boxing recognized in 2025.
International Boxing Federation
The International Boxing Federation (IBF) is a professional boxing sanctioning body formed in 1983 from the USBA, based in Springfield, New Jersey, and one of the four major bodies, with the WBA, WBC, and WBO, that crown world champions.
International Boxing Hall of Fame
International Boxing Hall of Fame (IBHOF), museum and hall of fame in Canastota, New York, founded 1984, opened 1989; inducts boxers via BWAA writers and international historians; first class of 53 in 1990; Class of 2026 led by Golovkin, Benn, Tarver.
International Boxing Organization
The International Boxing Organization (IBO) is a boxing sanctioning body founded in 1988 in Coral Gables, Florida, publishing computerized rankings and awarding championship belts across 34 divisions.
International Brain Research Organization
The International Brain Research Organization (IBRO), founded in 1961 with UNESCO support, is a global federation of neuroscience societies that funds training, exchanges, and collaborative research, especially in economically disadvantaged countries.