All articles A–Z
519,064 articles
Internationale Automobilausstellung
The Internationale Automobilausstellung (IAA) is a German motor show organized by the VDA. Founded in Berlin in 1897, it was held in Frankfurt from 1951 and split into separate passenger-car and commercial-vehicle events in 1991.
Internationalism (politics)
Internationalism (politics): political cooperation or solidarity across national borders, spanning liberal, hegemonic, social-democratic, and revolutionary Marxist forms, from the First International and the ILO to anti-colonial movements.
Internationalist Communist Organisation
Internationalist Communist Organisation (Organisation communiste internationaliste, OCI), the French Lambertist Trotskyist group led by Pierre Lambert, born from the 1952 PCI split, dissolved in 1968, later PCI, PT, and today's POI/POID.
Internationalization
Internationalization in economics is the process by which firms and economies increase cross-border activity through trade, investment, and foreign operations, distinct from globalization and measured by trade-to-GDP ratios and FDI.
Internationalization and localization
Internationalization (i18n) and localization (l10n): designing software for easy adaptation to cultures, regions, and languages, then adapting it per market, using Unicode CLDR locale data, LDML, UTF-8, and staged i18n/l10n testing.
Internationalized domain name
An internationalized domain name (IDN) is a domain name containing non-ASCII characters, such as Arabic or Chinese, encoded via IDNA and Punycode so ordinary DNS infrastructure can carry it unchanged.
Internet
The Internet is a global system of interconnected computer networks exchanging data via the Internet protocol suite, used by roughly two thirds of the world's population.
Internet access
Internet access, also called an internet connection, is the service layer linking homes, businesses, and mobile devices to the global internet via fiber, cable, DSL, fixed wireless, satellite, or cellular.
Internet addiction disorder
Internet addiction disorder is a proposed, unofficial diagnosis of uncontrolled general internet use, coined satirically in 1995; only gaming disorder is formally recognized (ICD-11), with prevalence estimates from 1–2% to 14% and CBT-based treatment evidence.
Internet addiction test
The Internet Addiction Test (IAT) is a 20-item self-report questionnaire measuring the severity of problematic internet use, developed by Kimberly Young in 1998 and the most widely used such screening instrument.
Internet Adult Film Database
The Internet Adult Film Database (IAFD), founded online in 1999 from message-board efforts, is a free reference cataloging performers, directors, studios, and films of the US pornography industry.
Internet aesthetic
Internet aesthetic: a named online style (cottagecore, dark academia) curated on Tumblr, Instagram, TikTok, and cataloged on AestheticsWiki; loosely bounded, used for identity, with Internet Ugly as a content-side example.
Internet and Mobile Association of India
The Internet and Mobile Association of India (IAMAI) is a not-for-profit industry body representing India's digital services industry, from e-commerce to digital payments, founded in 2004.
Internet Architecture Board
The Internet Architecture Board (IAB) is a thirteen-member technical oversight body providing long-range direction for the Internet, chartered as an IETF committee and Internet Society advisory body since 1992.
Internet Archive
Internet Archive: San Francisco 501(c)(3) nonprofit digital library founded by Brewster Kahle in 1996; operates the Wayback Machine web archive, Open Library book lending, and IA Scholar; lost Hachette copyright case in 2024.
Internet Assigned Numbers Authority
The Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) maintains the authoritative public registries for Internet identifiers, including domain names, IP addresses, and protocol parameters, a role dating to the 1970s.
Internet backbone
The Internet backbone is the set of high-capacity, long-distance networks carrying traffic between smaller regional and local networks; the first national backbone, NSFNET, was set up in 1985.
Internet bot
An Internet bot, also called a web robot, is a software application that runs automated tasks over the Internet, from search crawlers to malicious spam bots.
Internet café
Internet café (cybercafé, net café, 网吧): a business where customers pay per minute or hour to use shared internet-connected computers, often with food, printing and gaming. First venue Cyberia, London, September 1994; peaked in 2000s China with 200,000+ licensed cafés, then declined with smartphones.
Internet celebrity
Internet celebrity: a person famous through the internet rather than professional media channels; Chinese term wanghong (网红). Key facts: three wanghong generations since the 1990s, 580亿元 2016 Chinese market, virality driven by celebrity broadcasts, influencer marketing evidence, and creator-economy scale.
Internet censorship
Internet censorship is the suppression of online access or expression by governments, institutions, or platforms. Key techniques include DNS manipulation, IP blocking, deep packet inspection, and shutdowns; global internet freedom has declined 15 consecutive years (Freedom House 2025).
Internet censorship and surveillance by country
Internet censorship and surveillance by country: national blocking, filtering, shutdowns, and monitoring, from China's Great Firewall and Iran's blackouts to democratic content-removal rules, tracked by Freedom House, OONI, and Access Now.
Internet censorship in India
Internet censorship in India is the government's blocking of websites and suspension of internet service under the Information Technology Act, 2000, with more shutdowns than any other democracy.
Internet censorship in Russia
Internet censorship in Russia: state-run blocking via Roskomnadzor's registry and TSPU/DPI equipment. Key facts: 2012 blacklist law, 2019 sovereign internet law, 2022 wartime blocks of Twitter, Facebook, Instagram, over 1.8 million sites blocked, 469 VPNs blocked by 2026.
Internet censorship in South Korea
South Korean internet censorship: state filtering and takedowns ordered mainly by the KCSC, rooted in the National Security Law, the Information and Communications Network Act, and the 2026 fake-news amendment; pro-North Korean, gambling, and obscene content blocked.
Internet censorship in the United Kingdom
Internet censorship in the United Kingdom: Online Safety Act 2023, Ofcom regulation, ISP filtering, IWF blocklists, copyright blocking injunctions, and age verification duties.
Internet censorship in Vietnam
Internet censorship in Vietnam: CPV-led system of DNS tampering, website blocking, Decree 147 identity rules, and prison terms under Articles 117 and 331; Freedom House rates it Not Free, 22/100.
Internet Control Message Protocol
The Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) is a supporting protocol of the Internet protocol suite that hosts and routers use to report errors and diagnostics.
Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers
The Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) is a California nonprofit formed in 1998 that coordinates the Internet's unique identifiers, including domain names, IP addresses, and protocol parameters.
Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy
The Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy (IEP) is a free, not-for-profit online encyclopedia of philosophy founded in 1995 by James Fieser at the University of Tennessee at Martin.