All articles A–Z
519,064 articles
Anomabo
Anomabu, also spelled Anomabo and historically Annamaboe, is a Fante town in Ghana's Central Region that grew into a major Atlantic slave-trading port, with the British Fort William still standing on its shore.
Anomalies of dental arch relationship
Anomalies of dental arch relationship, ICD-11 code DA0E.2 (ICD-10 K07.29), are congenital or acquired deviations of how the upper and lower dental arches relate, including overjet, deep overbite, disto-occlusion, mesio-occlusion, and midline deviation.
Anomalies of pupillary function
Anomalies of pupillary function (ICD-11 LA11.62; pupillary disorder, anomaly of pupil function) is a group of conditions in which iris muscles fail to regulate light entering the eye, covering miosis, mydriasis, hippus, iridoplegia, and myotonic pupil.
Anomalies of tooth position
Anomalies of tooth position (ICD-11 DA0E.3, formerly ICD-10 M26.3): crowding, diastema, displacement, rotation, transposition, and impaction of teeth; classified as ectopic, transmigration, transposition, rotation; treated orthodontically.
Anomalisa
Anomalisa is Charlie Kaufman and Duke Johnson's 2015 R-rated stop-motion animated drama, adapted from a 2005 sound play, about customer-service guru Michael Stone, voiced by David Thewlis, whose Fregoli hotel stay in Cincinnati features Tom Noonan voicing everyone but Lisa (Jennifer Jason Leigh).
Anomalo
Anomalo (formerly Data Gravity) is an AI-powered enterprise data quality monitoring platform founded in 2018 in Palo Alto by Instacart alumni Elliot Shmukler and Jeremy Stanley, using unsupervised machine learning to detect anomalies.
Anomalocaris
Anomalocaris ("abnormal shrimp") is an extinct Cambrian radiodont genus of stem-group arthropods; type species A. canadensis Whiteaves 1892 from the Burgess Shale, a nektonic predator with raptorial frontal appendages and a suction-type oral cone, not a Peytoia.
Anomalous aortic origin of a coronary artery
Anomalous aortic origin of a coronary artery (AAOCA, ACAOS) is a congenital defect where a coronary artery arises from the wrong aortic sinus; found in up to 1% of people, a leading cause of sudden cardiac death in young athletes, managed by risk stratification and unroofing surgery.
Anomalous aortic origin of the left coronary artery
AAOLCA, anomalous aortic origin of the left coronary artery from the right aortic sinus, a rare congenital coronary anomaly; rarer than the right-coronary form but carrying higher risk of ischemia and sudden cardiac death in young athletes, treated by unroofing surgery.
Anomalous aortic origin of the right coronary artery
Anomalous aortic origin of the right coronary artery (AORCA, R-ACAOS): congenital origin of the right coronary artery from the left aortic sinus, often interarterial or intramural; usually asymptomatic but a cause of exertional sudden cardiac death in young athletes.
Anomalous diffraction
Anomalous diffraction is the resonant contribution to x-ray diffraction when the x-ray energy approaches an atom's absorption edge, exploited by MAD and SAD methods to solve the crystallographic phase problem.
Anomalous dimension
The anomalous dimension, written η, is a critical exponent measuring how correlations decay at a continuous phase transition, differing from mean-field theory; the 3D Ising value is about 0.0363.
Anomalous dispersion
Anomalous dispersion is the behavior of a material's refractive index near an absorption resonance, where it decreases with increasing frequency instead of increasing; the effect was named by August Kundt in 1871.
Anomalous Floquet–Anderson insulator
The anomalous Floquet–Anderson insulator (AFAI) is a topological phase of periodically driven two-dimensional quantum systems in which disorder localizes all bulk states while chiral edge modes still propagate.
Anomalous Hall effect
The anomalous Hall effect is a voltage transverse to an electric current in magnetic materials without an applied magnetic field, arising from magnetization and spin-orbit coupling.
Anomalous left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery
ALCAPA, or Bland-White-Garland syndrome, is a rare congenital defect where the left coronary artery arises from the pulmonary artery, causing coronary steal, infant heart failure, and over 90% first-year mortality without surgery.
Anomalous magnetic dipole moment
The anomalous magnetic dipole moment, or magnetic anomaly, is the amount by which a lepton's g-factor exceeds the Dirac value of 2, first calculated by Julian Schwinger in 1948.
Anomalous magnetic moment of the electron
The anomalous magnetic moment of the electron, a_e, is how far the electron's g factor exceeds the Dirac value of 2. It is among the most precisely measured quantities in physics, testing quantum electrodynamics.
Anomalous Nernst effect
The anomalous Nernst effect is a thermoelectric phenomenon in magnetic materials in which a temperature gradient generates a voltage perpendicular to heat flow and magnetization, without an external magnetic field.
Anomalous Nernst effect in topological materials
The anomalous Nernst effect in topological materials is the generation of a transverse voltage by a temperature gradient, requiring no external magnetic field because it arises from Berry curvature.
Anomalous origin of coronary artery from the pulmonary artery
Anomalous origin of coronary artery from the pulmonary artery (ACAPA; ALCAPA, Bland-White-Garland syndrome, or ARCAPA): a rare congenital defect causing coronary steal, infant heart failure, about 90% first-year mortality untreated, and surgical reimplantation as the preferred repair.
Anomalous pulmonary venous connection
Anomalous pulmonary venous connection, also called anomalous pulmonary venous return, is a congenital heart defect in which pulmonary veins drain into the systemic venous circulation instead of the left atrium.
Anomalous X-ray pulsar
An anomalous X-ray pulsar (AXP) is an isolated neutron star emitting pulsed X-rays with periods of 6 to 11 seconds, now understood as a magnetar powered by magnetic-field decay.
Anomalous X-ray scattering
Anomalous X-ray scattering is a diffraction technique that tunes X-ray energy near an element's absorption edge, making its scattering factor complex for element-specific structure and phase information.
Anomaly (physics)
In quantum field theory, an anomaly, or quantum anomaly, is the breaking of a classical symmetry by quantization; anomalies explain the neutral pion decay and generate most mass of ordinary matter.
Anomaly cancellation
Anomaly cancellation is the requirement that anomalies, the quantum violations of a gauge theory's classical symmetries, sum to zero over all fermions, keeping the theory consistent.
Anomaly Capital Management
Anomaly Capital Management is a New York-based hedge fund founded in October 2019 by Ben Jacobs, the former co-CIO of Viking Global Investors, running a concentrated long/short equity strategy.
Anomaly detection
Anomaly detection, also called outlier detection, is the machine learning task of identifying patterns in data that do not conform to expected behavior, such as fraudulent transactions.
Anomaly detection in particle physics
Anomaly detection in particle physics identifies collision events that deviate from Standard Model expectations, using machine learning to search for new physics without assuming a specific model.
Anomaly scan
Anomaly scan, or 20-week screening scan, a second-trimester ultrasound offered in England at 18-21 weeks to screen for 11 fetal conditions including spina bifida, cardiac abnormalities, and Edwards' syndrome.