164 articles
First Growth
First Growth (Premier Cru Classé) refers to the five top-ranked red wine estates of Bordeaux's 1855 classification: Lafite Rothschild, Latour, Margaux, Mouton Rothschild, and Haut-Brion, ranked by brokers on price and reputation, changed only by Cantemerle's 1855 addition and Mouton's 1973 promotion.
Flavored fortified wine
Flavored fortified wine: wine strengthened with added spirits and flavored with fruit, sugar, or botanicals. Covers aromatized wines like vermouth (14.5–22% ABV, EU-regulated) and cheap American brands like MD 20/20 (Mogen David, originally 20% ABV, 20 oz).
Fortified wine
Fortified wine: wine with added grape spirit (brandy), including Port, Sherry, Madeira, Marsala, and vermouth; timing of fortification sets sweetness, alcohol 15–22%, EU-defined category.
French paradox
The French paradox: low coronary heart disease death rates in France despite high saturated fat intake, attributed by Renaud and de Lorgeril's 1992 Lancet paper to red wine, now largely explained by methodological biases.
French wine
French wine: wine from France, second-largest world producer behind Italy with 792,000 ha of vines, first in export value (€12.0 bn, 2023), governed by the AOC/AOP appellation system across 17 regions.
French wine grape varieties
French wine grape varieties are the Vitis vinifera cultivars of French origin, defining Bordeaux, Burgundy, the Rhône, the Loire, and Alsace; 298 are cataloged, but 20 cover about 87% of plantings.
Furmint
Furmint is a Hungarian white wine grape, the primary variety of sweet Tokaji Aszú and, since the early 2000s, of dry Tokaj whites. Also called Šipon in Slovenia, where it is the world's second biggest grower.
Gambero Rosso
Gambero Rosso is an Italian food and wine media company founded in 1986 in Rome, known for the Vini d'Italia guide and its Tre Bicchieri award, blind tastings of about 40,000 wines yearly, restaurant guides, and the Tre Bicchieri World Tour.
Georgian wine
Georgian wine is wine produced in Georgia, home to the earliest known evidence of grape wine, around 6000 BC, and the traditional qvevri clay-vessel method.
German wine
German wine: wine from Germany's 13 designated Anbaugebiete, about 103,000 ha, two thirds white varieties, Riesling on roughly 45% of world plantings, classified by Weingesetz origin tiers and Prädikate.
German wine classification
German wine classification: the statutory origin pyramid (Deutscher Wein to Prädikatswein), Prädikat ripeness terms, and the private four-tier VDP.Classification with Grosses Gewächs dry wines.
Gewürztraminer
Gewürztraminer, also called Roter Traminer or Traminac, is a pink-skinned, intensely aromatic white grape, a Savagnin/Traminer mutation. Alsatian signature variety with lychee-rose aromas, low acidity, 13.5–15% ABV, dry to late-harvest styles.
Grenache
Grenache, also Garnacha (Spain) and Cannonau (Sardinia), is a widely planted warm-climate red grape giving soft, high-alcohol reds, GSM blends, Provence and Tavel rosés, and Banyuls/Maury fortified wines.
Grüner Veltliner
Grüner Veltliner, or Weißgipfler, is Austria's most planted white wine grape, about one third of the vineyard area. A Traminer cross with the St. Georgen variety, it is known for peppery, dry wines under DAC designations such as Weinviertel DAC.
Health effects of wine
Health effects of wine: ethanol plus polyphenols such as resveratrol. Covers the French paradox, uncertain cardiovascular benefits, established cancer risks, beverage-type comparisons, and current drinking guidelines.
History of wine
History of wine: the record of grape winemaking from Neolithic Georgia (ca. 6000 BC, Gadachrili Gora) and Armenia's Areni-1 winery through Egypt, Greece, and Rome to today's OIV-tracked global sector.
Hospices de Beaune
Hospices de Beaune (Hospices Civils de Beaune): Burgundy hospital institution founded 1443 by Nicolas Rolin and Guigone de Salins; its Hôtel-Dieu is a classified 1862 monument, and its 60-hectare wine estate is sold each third Sunday of November at the famous charity auction begun in 1859.
Hunter valley
Hunter valley, NSW: valley of the Hunter River north of Sydney, home of the Wonnarua people, Australia's oldest commercial wine region (Semillon, Shiraz), and a major coal mining and energy economy.
Ice wine
Ice wine (Eiswein, vin de glace): dessert wine from grapes frozen on the vine and pressed frozen, per OIV rules at −7°C or colder. Made in Canada's Niagara and Okanagan, Finger Lakes, and Mosel; first recorded in Franconia in 1794, first commercial Canadian Icewine 1983.
Italian wine
Italian wine: wine produced in Italy, the world's leading producer by volume (44 mhl in 2024) and top exporter by volume, known for indigenous grape varieties, DOC/DOCG appellations, and €8 billion in annual exports.
Jerez de la Frontera
Jerez de la Frontera, also Xerez or Sherish, is a city in Cádiz, Andalusia, center of the sherry (Jerez-Xérès-Sherry) wine region; known for bodegas, the Horse Fair, flamenco, horses, and motorsport, with 213,688 inhabitants and Spanish Capital of Gastronomy 2026.
Judgment of Paris (wine)
The Judgment of Paris was a blind wine tasting held in Paris on May 24, 1976, where a French judges' panel ranked California wines first in both flights.
Kosher wine
Kosher wine is wine made under Jewish dietary law: Sabbath-observant Jews must handle production from crushing to bottling, and yayin mevushal (flash-pasteurized cooked wine) keeps kosher status even when handled by non-Jews.
Lambrusco
Lambrusco is a family of twelve black grape varieties from Emilia-Romagna, Italy, and the sparkling red wines made from them; three main grapes, Sorbara, Salamino, Grasparossa, plus six DOCs distinguish it.
Langenlois
Langenlois, a wine town in Lower Austria's Kamptal first recorded as "Liubisa" (1072–1091), is home to the Gesamtsportverein Langenlois 1921, a 16-branch, 1,000-member sports club whose football side plays in the 2. Landesliga West.
List of celebrities who own wineries and vineyards
Celebrities who own wineries and vineyards: actors, musicians, and athletes from Francis Ford Coppola and Brad Pitt to Sam Neill, Sting, and Dwyane Wade, spanning estate ownership and name-licensing wine brands.
List of wine-producing regions
Wine-producing regions: mid-latitude areas such as California, southern France, Barossa, Stellenbosch, and Mendoza, defined by terroir, protected by appellations and geographical indications, and shifting under climate change.
Lodi, California
Lodi, California: Central Valley city and namesake of the Lodi AVA, federally recognized 1986, about 550,000 acres with 82,000+ planted; seven sub-AVAs since 2006; known for old-vine Zinfandel, Tokay sandy loam, and LODI RULES sustainable certification.
Loire Valley
Loire Valley (Val de Loire): French wine region along France's longest river, 42,000 ha, 34 PDOs plus IGP Val de Loire, from Muscadet and Chenin Blanc to Sancerre Sauvignon; UNESCO-listed middle Loire, third-largest French PDO wine region.
Loupiac
Loupiac, Gironde commune in Entre-deux-Mers, France, home to the Gallo-Roman villa and Benedictine priory of Saint-Romain (Monument Historique, 2011/2024) and the AOC Loupiac sweet white wine, similar to Sauternes.