639 articles
Ladurée
Ladurée (Maison Ladurée) is a Parisian luxury pâtisserie founded in 1862 on rue Royale, famous for the double-shell ganache macaron and early tea salon; Holder family-owned since 1993 with 100-plus shops worldwide.
Land grabbing
Land grabbing, also called the global land rush or large-scale land acquisitions, is the large-scale transfer of land rights that dispossesses local users, triggered by the 2007-2008 food crisis, measured by the Land Matrix, and marked by weak consultation, food insecurity, and new carbon-offset deals.
Larch arabinogalactan
Larch arabinogalactan (larch gum, ResistAid, E-409) is a water-soluble, highly branched 6:1 galactose:arabinose polysaccharide (15,000-60,000 Da) from Larix occidentalis and L. laricina heartwood, used as a food additive, prebiotic fiber, and supplement.
Lawson (ローソン) (store)
Lawson (ローソン) is a major Japanese convenience store chain run by Lawson, Inc. (LAWSON, NATURAL LAWSON, LAWSON STORE 100). Founded from J.J. Lawson's 1939 Ohio milk shop; first Japanese store opened 1975 in Osaka; about 14,000 domestic stores plus 7,000+ in China.
Lay's
Lay's is an American potato chip brand founded by Herman Lay in Nashville in 1932, merged into Frito-Lay in 1961 and PepsiCo in 1965; sold in over 200 countries, using about 4 billion pounds of potatoes yearly.
Lea & Perrins
Lea & Perrins is the British brand founded in Worcester in 1837 by chemists John Wheeley Lea and William Henry Perrins, inventor of Worcestershire sauce; its recipe remains a Heinz trade secret, the sauce matures 18 months, and it still ships to over 130 countries.
Legal drinking age
Legal drinking age: minimum age to buy or drink alcohol. US MLDA is 21 via the 1984 highway-funding act; global default purchase age is 18; higher ages reduce youth crashes and drinking.
Lidl
Lidl is a German limited-assortment discount supermarket chain of the Schwarz Group, headquartered in Neckarsulm, with about 12,900 stores in 32 countries. First store 1973 in Ludwigshafen; major private-label, low-price grocer in the UK, Spain, and US.
Life Savers
Life Savers is an American brand of ring-shaped hard candy, gummies, and mints, introduced in 1912 by Clarence A. Crane and now owned by Mars.
Lindt
Lindt, brand of Chocoladefabriken Lindt & Sprüngli AG, Swiss premium chocolate maker founded 1845 in Zurich; known for conching (1879), Lindor, Gold Bunny, Excellence; CHF 5.92bn sales in 2025.
Liquid Death
Liquid Death (Supplying Demand, Inc.) is a Los Angeles canned-beverage brand founded by Mike Cessario, selling mountain water, sparkling water, iced tea, and energy drinks in beer-style aluminum cans under "Murder Your Thirst" heavy metal branding, reaching a $1.4 billion valuation and 133,000+ retail doors.
Liquor store
Liquor store: a retail shop selling packaged alcohol for off-premise consumption, an off-premise alcohol outlet. Covers US licensing, control versus license states, outlet density research, and privatization cases.
List of alcohol laws of the United States
List of alcohol laws of the United States: the federal, state, and local legal framework governing alcohol, rooted in the 21st Amendment, the Volstead Act, the age-21 National Minimum Drinking Age Act, control versus license states, and dry counties.
List of brand name food products
Brand name food products are packaged foods sold under trademarked names, from 19th-century founders like Coca-Cola and Heinz to private labels like Great Value; cataloged in USDA's 433,916-record branded database and ranked by Brand Finance (Nestlé, Coca-Cola lead in 2026).
List of breakfast cereals
The list of breakfast cereals covers notable ready-to-eat and hot cereals from Granula in 1863 onward, with measured nutrition figures for brands like Cheerios and Corn Flakes.
List of confectionery brands
List of confectionery brands: catalog of named chocolate, sugar candy, gum and mint brands (M&M'S, KitKat, Haribo, Cadbury) and their owners, mapping Mars, Ferrero, Mondelēz, Hershey and Nestlé portfolios, brand-versus-company distinctions, and documented ownership changes.
List of convenience stores
List of convenience stores: notable chains including 7-Eleven (over 86,000 stores, 19 countries), Alimentation Couche-Tard/Circle K (~17,000), FamilyMart, Wawa, QuikTrip, Buc-ee's, and Murphy USA, with origins, store counts, and satisfaction rankings.
List of countries with alcohol prohibition
Alcohol prohibition: WHO defines a total ban as prohibiting production, transport, sale, and consumption. Countrywide bans persist only in a few Islamic countries; sub-national bans (Indian states, US dry counties) and early twentieth-century national prohibitions (Finland, Iceland, US, Russia) are covered.
List of dry communities by U.S. state
Dry communities by U.S. state: cities, towns, and counties where alcohol sales are banned, also called dry counties or local-option prohibition. Covers wet/dry/moist categories, state rules (Kansas, Tennessee, Mississippi opt-in), state-by-state examples, and research on effects.
List of geographical indications in India
List of geographical indications in India: registered GIs under the GI Act 1999 (in force 2003), from Darjeeling Tea (2004) and Basmati (2008) to 432 tags by 2023, with Part A/Part B register and authorised users.
List of hypermarkets
List of hypermarkets: large self-service stores combining food and general merchandise (Insee definition: over one-third food sales, 2,500 m2 or more). Pioneered by Carrefour in 1963; notable chains include Carrefour, E. Leclerc, E-Mart, Lotte Mart, Homeplus, and Walmart supercenters.
List of Nestlé brands
List of Nestlé brands: the 2,000-plus brand portfolio of Swiss food company Nestlé, including Nescafé, KitKat, Maggi, Purina, Nespresso, Perrier; categories, acquisitions, and nutritional transparency reporting.
List of Oreo varieties
Oreo varieties: flavored, sized, and reformulated versions of the Oreo sandwich cookie (Nabisco, 1912; Mondelez). Includes Double Stuf (1974), Thins, Cakesters, Zero Sugar, seasonal editions, and 85+ limited and international flavors.
List of Skittles products
List of Skittles products: Mars candy brand (UK 1974, US 1979). Covers Original, Sour, Tropical, Wild Berry chewies, Gummies, Littles, POP'd, Dips, Gummy Crystals, discontinued varieties, and 2026 FD&C-color-free reformulation.
List of supermarket chains in Canada
Supermarket chains in Canada: grocery banners run mainly by Loblaw, Empire (Sobeys), Metro, Costco, and Walmart, plus regional chains like Save-On-Foods and about 6,900 independent stores; the five largest hold roughly 76 to 80 percent of grocery sales.
List of supermarket chains in the United States
Supermarket chains of the United States, also called grocery chains, are multi-store food retailers; the US had 45,575 supermarkets with $1 trillion in 2025 sales, led by Walmart (~21% share), Kroger, Albertsons, and Aldi.
List of Unilever brands
List of Unilever brands: the portfolio of Unilever, organized under Beauty & Wellbeing, Personal Care, Home Care, and Foods, led by 30 Power Brands (Dove, Knorr, Hellmann's, Axe, TRESemmé, Vaseline and others) generating 78% of 2025 turnover.
Loblaw Companies
Loblaw Companies Limited, Canada's largest food and pharmacy retailer, founded 1919 in Toronto by Theodore Loblaw and incorporated 1956 under George Weston ownership; operates 2,400+ stores including Loblaws, No Frills, and Shoppers Drug Mart with about 28% grocery share.
Loblaws
Loblaws is the flagship supermarket banner of Loblaw Companies Limited, Canada's largest food and pharmacy retailer, founded in Toronto in 1919 by Theodore Pringle Loblaw, controlled by George Weston Limited, with over 2,400 stores and an estimated 28% grocery market share.
Local food
Local food: food produced, processed, and sold within a defined area via short supply chains; no standard geographic definition exists. Evidence shows no inherent sustainability advantage over global food; outcomes depend on supply chain, product, and country.