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Food science
Food science, also called bromatology, is the multidisciplinary study of the physical, microbial, and chemical makeup of food and the processes that transform it into safe, nutritious products.
Food security
Food security: condition in which all people at all times have physical, social, and economic access to sufficient, safe, nutritious food. Four pillars: availability, access, utilization, stability; concept dates to 1974 World Food Conference; 645 million faced hunger in 2025.
Food security during the COVID-19 pandemic
Food security during the COVID-19 pandemic, also known as the coronavirus famine, was the worldwide rise in hunger from 2020 as lockdowns cut incomes and disrupted food supply chains.
Food security in India
Food security in India: the FAO-defined condition of access to sufficient, safe, nutritious food, pursued through the Public Distribution System and the National Food Security Act 2013 covering about 80.67 crore people, with GHI measurement disputes and PMGKAY free grain.
Food spoilage
Food spoilage is the microbial, enzymatic, and chemical deterioration that makes food unacceptable, distinct from pathogenic contamination. Key controls are temperature, water activity, and hurdle preservation; it drives 15–20% global food waste.
Food Standards Agency
The Food Standards Agency is an independent UK government department responsible for food safety and hygiene in England, Wales, and Northern Ireland, established in 2000.
Food storage
Food storage, also called stored food or a food cache, covers practices like drying, canning, and refrigeration that keep food edible and safe between production and eating.
Food technology
Food technology applies science and engineering to the selection, preservation, processing, packaging, and distribution of food, drawing on chemistry, microbiology, and engineering to ensure safety, quality, and shelf life.
Food truck
Food truck: a readily movable, self-enclosed vehicle or trailer that prepares and sells food. Descends from 1866 chuck wagons and pushcarts; gourmet boom began with 2008's Kogi truck; startup costs $75,000-$250,000.
Food, Inc.
Food, Inc. (2008) is Robert Kenner's Oscar-nominated, Emmy-winning documentary on corporate control of the American food supply, based on Schlosser and Pollan; its 2024 sequel is Food, Inc. 2.
Foodie
Foodie: informal term for a food enthusiast who eats as a hobby, coined around 1980-1982 (Gael Greene, New York magazine; Harpers & Queen), studied by Johnston and Baumann for its democracy-versus-distinction tension, and considered dated by the mid-2020s.
Foodservice
Foodservice (food service) is the business of preparing and serving prepared food away from home, spanning restaurants, caterers, cafeterias, and institutional settings such as schools, hospitals, military, and hotels, a US market of about $1.41 trillion in 2025.
Fool's Gold Loaf
The Fool's Gold Loaf is a Denver sandwich of a hollowed loaf filled with a jar of peanut butter, a jar of jelly, and a pound of bacon, made famous by Elvis Presley's 1976 private-jet trip from Graceland.
Fork
The fork is a tined eating utensil, also called a table fork. Last of the Western cutlery trio to reach the table: kitchen tool in antiquity, Byzantine court novelty, condemned by clergy, spread via Catherine de' Medici in 1533, four-tined by late 17th-century France, standard by the 19th century.
Forrest Mars Sr.
Forrest Edward Mars Sr. was an American confectionery businessman who created M&M's in 1940 and built Mars, Incorporated into one of the world's largest candy companies.
Forshmak
Forshmak is a cold Ashkenazi Jewish appetizer of chopped salted herring, made as a pâté or spread with onion, hard-boiled egg, bread, apple, and butter or oil.
Fortified wine
Fortified wine: wine with added grape spirit (brandy), including Port, Sherry, Madeira, Marsala, and vermouth; timing of fortification sets sweetness, alcohol 15–22%, EU-defined category.
Fortnum & Mason
Fortnum & Mason: British luxury food retailer founded 1707 in Piccadilly, London by William Fortnum and Hugh Mason; only department store earning most revenue from food and drink; owned via Wittington by the Garfield Weston Foundation; holds two royal warrants and ships to 120+ countries.
Fortune cookie
Fortune cookie: a crisp folded wafer with a paper fortune, served in Chinese-American restaurants. Also called tsujiura senbei in Japan. Japanese origin, American invention, rare in China; WWII internment shifted production to Chinese-American makers.
Foster's Lager
Foster's Lager is an Australian lager brand, first brewed in Melbourne in November 1888 by American brothers William and Ralph Foster. It is a 5% ABV lager.
Four Loko
Four Loko is a Phusion Projects flavored malt beverage launched in 2005, originally containing alcohol, caffeine, guarana, and taurine in 23.5 oz cans at 11-12% ABV. FDA action in 2010 forced removal of stimulants; the non-caffeinated brand remains on sale at up to 14% ABV.
Francesinha
Francesinha, Porto's layered hot sandwich: bread with linguiça, sausage, ham and steak under melted cheese, flooded with spicy tomato-beer sauce. Created 1952 at A Regaleira by Daniel David da Silva, adapting the French croque monsieur; about 1,100 kcal.
Francis Mallmann
Francis Mallmann (Francisco José Mallmann) is an Argentine chef and restaurateur known for live-fire Patagonian cooking, with more than sixteen restaurants worldwide and seven books.
Frangelico
Frangelico is an Italian hazelnut liqueur from Piedmont, launched in 1978 by the Barbero family and owned by Campari Group since 2010. Bottled at 20% ABV (formerly 24%), it blends toasted Tonda Gentile hazelnut distillate with cocoa, vanilla, and coffee, sold in a friar-shaped bottle.
Frangipane
Frangipane: almond-flavored pastry filling of butter, sugar, eggs, and ground almonds, classically two parts almond cream to one part pastry cream; filling of galette des Rois and Bakewell tart, named after the Frangipani family.
Frank's RedHot
Frank's RedHot is an American Louisiana-style cayenne pepper hot sauce first bottled in 1920 by Jacob Frank and Adam Estilette, used in the original 1964 Anchor Bar buffalo wings, now owned by McCormick and mild at about 450 SHU.
Frankie & Benny's
Frankie & Benny's is a British Italian-American casual dining chain founded in 1995 in Leicester, once The Restaurant Group's biggest brand, restructured through 2016-2023 closures and a CVA, and sold to The Big Table Group in 2023.
Franklin Clarence Mars
Franklin Clarence Mars (1883–1934), American candy maker and founder of Mars, Incorporated; created the Milky Way bar in Minneapolis in 1923, moved to Chicago in 1929, and introduced Snickers in 1930.
Frappé coffee
Frappé coffee, also called Greek frappé, is a foam-topped iced coffee made by shaking instant coffee with cold water and sugar, invented in Greece in 1957.
Frappuccino
Frappuccino is Starbucks' trademarked line of blended iced coffee and crème drinks. The name came from Boston's Coffee Connection, acquired in 1994; the drink launched nationally in 1995 and went bottled with PepsiCo in 1996.