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African cuisine
African cuisine is the collective term for the continent's diverse culinary traditions, covering North, West, East, and Southern African cooking, indigenous staples such as sorghum, millet, cassava, and yam, fermentation-based preservation, and diaspora exchange.
African red slip ware
African Red Slip ware (ARS, sigillata africana, terra sigillata chiara) is Roman fine tableware with red fabric and transparent slip, made in Tunisia, Algeria, and Libya from the 1st to 7th century AD and exported across the Mediterranean; term coined by John Hayes.
African wax prints
African wax prints, known locally as ankara or kitenge, are colorful cotton cloths made by a resin-resist printing process, worn in West and Central Africa since the late 19th century.
African-American culture
African-American culture, also called Black American culture, is the languages, religious practices, music, foodways, and crafts developed by Black Americans, shaped by slavery, segregation, and racism.
African-American pottery
African-American pottery is the ceramic tradition made by enslaved and free Black potters in the United States, including colonoware, Edgefield alkaline-glazed stoneware, and David Drake's verse-inscribed jars.
African-American quiltmaking
African-American quiltmaking is the tradition of patchwork quilting among Black communities in the United States since the 19th century, best known through the bold, improvisational quilts of Gee's Bend, Alabama.
Afro
The Afro is a hairstyle in which tightly curled natural hair is grown into a rounded shape, rising to prominence with the 1960s Civil Rights and Black Power movements.
After Eight
After Eight is a British thin mint chocolate launched by Rowntree in 1962 and made by Nestlé since 1988: peppermint fondant in dark chocolate, invertase-liquefied filling, first mint-free flavors in 2026.
AGA cooker
AGA cooker: cast-iron heat-storage range cooker invented 1922 by Swedish Nobel physicist Gustaf Dalén (Aktiebolaget Gas Accumulator), sold in Britain from 1929, made in Telford since 1947, cooking by radiant heat from fixed-temperature ovens.
Agbada
Agbada (agbada, also riga or boubou) is the voluminous, wide-sleeved embroidered robe worn by elite men across West Africa, the outer piece of a four-piece Yoruba formal outfit adopted from the Hausa-Fulani riga in the nineteenth century.
Agbani Darego
Agbani Darego (Ibiagbanidokibubo Asenite Darego, born 1982) is a Nigerian model and beauty queen crowned Miss World 2001 at Sun City, the first Black African winner in the pageant's history.
Aging of wine
Aging of wine covers post-bottling redox chemistry of phenolics, oxygen ingress through closures (0.05-89 mg/year OTR), storage temperature effects, and emerging underwater and accelerated aging techniques.
Aglet
Aglet (also aiglet): the small plastic or metal sheath on the end of a shoelace, drawstring, or cord that prevents fraying and aids threading through eyelets; from Old French aiguillette, needle; historically ornamental metal lace tags.
Agmark
Agmark is India's voluntary certification mark for graded agricultural produce, administered by the Directorate of Marketing and Inspection under the Agricultural Produce (Grading and Marking) Act, 1937. Distinct from FSSAI food safety and BIS ISI marks; Certificate of Authorisation, CAL Nagpur and Regional Agmark Laboratories.
Agnolotti
Agnolotti: Piedmontese stuffed pasta filled with cooked roast meat, related to ravioli; known especially as agnolotti del plin, tiny parcels sealed by finger pinch, served with roast juices, sage butter, broth, or on a napkin.
Agricultural Adjustment Act
The Agricultural Adjustment Act is a 1933 United States federal law that raised farm prices by paying farmers to reduce production, a key New Deal measure.
Agricultural policy
Agricultural policy: government laws and programs for farming, food supply, farm incomes, trade, and rural areas. Key instruments are direct payments, price support, tariffs, quotas, and rural development; the EU's CAP (1962) is the leading example.
Agricultural produce market committee
An Agricultural Produce Market Committee (APMC, mandi) is a statutory state-level body in India regulating wholesale trade of notified agricultural produce in designated market yards, operating under state APMC Acts, levying fees, licensing traders, and increasingly integrating with the e-NAM electronic platform.
Aguardiente
Aguardiente (Spanish/Portuguese aguardente, "burning water") is a general term for distilled spirits, chiefly sugarcane liquor in Latin America; in Brazil a byproduct of sugar mills used as trade currency, in Colombia an anise-flavored national drink.
Ahold Delhaize
Ahold Delhaize (Koninklijke Ahold Delhaize N.V.) is a Dutch food retail group formed by the 2016 merger of Royal Ahold and Delhaize Group, headquartered in Zaandam, with 17 local brands, 9,551 stores, and 77 million weekly customers across the US, Europe, and Indonesia.
Aioli
Aioli (allioli, aïoli) is a Mediterranean garlic-and-olive-oil emulsion, traditionally egg-free and made in a mortar; Provençal versions add yolk, and US menus usually mean garlic mayonnaise.
Air Jordan
Air Jordan is Nike's signature basketball shoe and apparel line for Michael Jordan, launched with the Air Jordan 1 in 1985 after Nike's record 1984 rookie signing; NBA-banned AJ1, Jumpman logo, Jordan Brand spinoff, and record sneaker auctions distinguish it.
Ajinomoto (味の素)
Ajinomoto (味の素, "essence of taste") is a Japanese umami seasoning, monosodium glutamate, launched in 1909 by Saburosuke Suzuki II from Kikunae Ikeda's 1908 discovery of umami, and the global food and biotech company behind it.
Ajrakh
Ajrakh is a resist-and-mordant block-printed cotton textile known for geometric patterns in indigo blue, madder red, and iron black, made in Kutch, Gujarat, and Sindh.
Ajvar
Ajvar (ајвар) is a Balkan roasted red pepper spread with oil, salt, and vinegar; eggplant optional. Name from Turkish havyar. Serbia and North Macedonia both protect ajvar names; origin is shared and disputed.
Akahogi Tile Kiln Site (赤保木瓦窯跡)
Akahogi Tile Kiln Site (赤保木瓦窯跡) in Takayama, Gifu, is a national Historic Site of six ancient kilns, four Nara-period tile kilns that fired roof tiles for Hida Kokubunji and two Heian-era Sue ware kilns.
Akshaya Patra Foundation
The Akshaya Patra Foundation (TAPF) is a Bengaluru-headquartered NGO, founded in 2000 by Madhu Pandit Dasa and Chanchalapathi Dasa with ISKCON roots, that implements India's PM POSHAN mid-day meal programme, serving over 2.35 million children daily from kitchens across 16 states and 3 union territories.
Akvavit
Akvavit (akevitt, aquavit) is a Scandinavian caraway- and dill-flavoured spirit, at least 37.5% vol, with Norwegian potato-based cask-aged PGI akevitt, Swedish fennel-requiring designation, Linie sea-ageing, and snaps traditions distinct from gin and genever.
Al Copeland
Al Copeland (Alvin Charles Copeland Sr., "Big Al") was the New Orleans restaurateur who founded Popeyes in 1972 as Chicken on the Run, bought Church's Chicken in 1989, lost both in a 1991 bankruptcy, and rebuilt Copeland's of New Orleans and Diversified Foods & Seasonings.
Al dente
Al dente, Italian for "to the tooth", describes pasta, rice, or vegetables cooked firm to the bite. Covers its Neapolitan nineteenth-century origins, measured texture, and lower glycemic effect than overcooked pasta.