247 articles
Empis
Empis Linnaeus, 1758 is a large genus of dance flies (Empididae) with about 810 species on all continents, dagger-like predatory mouthparts, long proboscis, and male nuptial prey gifts; non-monophyletic per UCE phylogenomics.
Entomologia Carniolica
Entomologia Carniolica, Scopoli's 1763 Latin catalog of Carniola's insects, 420 pages, 1,153 arthropod species, Linnaean method, published by Trattner in Vienna, foundational for Slovenian and Italian entomology.
Entomopathogenic fungus
Entomopathogenic fungi, such as Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae, kill insects by penetrating the cuticle; used as mycoinsecticides, with 171 registered fungal insecticide types worldwide.
Entomophthora
Entomophthora is a genus of about 21 obligate insect-pathogenic fungi (Zoopagomycota, Entomophthorales) that kill flies and other insects and manipulate host behavior; type species E. muscae, the zombie-fly fungus described by Cohn in 1855.
Entomophthora muscae
Entomophthora muscae, the zombie fly fungus, is an obligate Entomophthorales fungal pathogen of adult flies, described by Cohn in 1855, that manipulates host behavior before death and disperses spores via conidial showers; it is a species complex including E. schizophorae and E. syrphi.
Ephydridae
Ephydridae, shore flies or brine flies (Zetterstedt, 1837), a family of small Diptera in Ephydroidea with about 2,000 species; larvae inhabit fresh to hypersaline waters, hot springs, and petroleum pools.
Episyrphus balteatus
Episyrphus balteatus, the marmalade hoverfly (marmalade fly), is a migratory European, Asian, and African syrphid whose larvae eat over 100 aphid species; it is the only hoverfly among the top 25 commercial biocontrol agents and also pollinates crops.
Eremochaetidae
Eremochaetidae is an extinct family of brachyceran flies from the Late Jurassic to Late Cretaceous of Asia and Burmese amber, erected by Ussatchov in 1968, with endoparasitoid females bearing needle-like ovipositors.
Eristalinae
Eristalinae is the largest subfamily of hoverflies (Syrphidae), with nine tribes including Eristalini and Milesiini; known for rat-tailed maggots and bee or wasp mimicry, but molecular data show it is paraphyletic.
Eristalis
Eristalis (drone flies) is a genus of about 100 Holarctic hoverflies (Syrphidae) whose larvae are rat-tailed maggots; Eristalis tenax, the drone fly, is a honeybee-mimicking pollinator now reared commercially.
Eristalis tenax
Eristalis tenax, the drone fly (larva: rat-tailed maggot), is a hover fly that mimics the honey bee; its aquatic larva breathes through a siphon up to 15 cm long and lives in sewage-rich water.
Fanniidae
Fanniidae, the lesser house fly family, is a small worldwide family of calyptrate flies with over 360 species in five genera including Fannia; flattened larvae breed in decaying matter, dung, and carrion, giving the family forensic importance.
Flesh fly
Sarcophagidae, flesh flies, a calyptrate fly family with three subfamilies; many are larviparous, depositing live larvae on carrion; forensically important for PMI estimation but hard to identify to species.
Fly
Fly (Diptera): true flies, gnats, midges, and mosquitoes; insects with one pair of wings and halteres. About 150,000 described species in 150 families, major disease vectors and pollinators.
Fossil and evolutionary history of crane flies
The fossil and evolutionary history of crane flies (Tipuloidea) begins in the Middle Triassic about 245 million years ago, with Limoniidae dominating a thin, uneven fossil record.
Fossil Asilomorpha
Fossil Asilomorpha are preserved remains of robber flies, bee flies, and their asiloid relatives, known from amber and compression fossils spanning the mid-Cretaceous to the Miocene.
Fungus gnat
Fungus gnats (Sciaridae, dark-winged fungus gnats; also Mycetophilidae) are tiny mosquito-like flies whose larvae feed on fungi, decaying matter, and roots; Bradysia species are greenhouse and houseplant pests controlled by drying soil, sticky cards, Bti, mites, and nematodes.
Fur Formation
The Fur Formation, known in Danish as moler, is a Danish clayey diatomite deposit about 55 million years old, famed for its exceptionally preserved early Eocene fossils.
GAL4/UAS system
GAL4/UAS system: bipartite Drosophila gene-expression method (Brand & Perrimon 1993) using yeast GAL4 drivers and UAS responders, with GAL80, split-GAL4, and LexA/Q-system analogs.
Glossina morsitans
Glossina morsitans (tsetse fly, Westwood 1850), savanna species of the morsitans group with subspecies morsitans, centralis, and submorsitans; major vector of Trypanosoma congolense, first tsetse genome sequenced in 2014.
Glossina taxonomy and species
Glossina taxonomy covers the classification of tsetse flies, the sole genus Glossina in the family Glossinidae, with 22 species in three main groups across sub-Saharan Africa.
Gnat
Gnat: ambiguous common name for small Nematocera flies, including fungus gnats, biting midges, eye gnats, and chironomids; some bite, some pollinate orchids, larvae aquatic or terrestrial.
Haemagogus
Haemagogus (shoulder mosquito), a Neotropical mosquito genus of tribe Aedini with two subgenera and about 28 species, whose arboreal, day-biting species such as Hg. janthinomys and Hg. leucocelaenus are the primary sylvatic vectors of yellow fever and Mayaro viruses in the Americas.
Haematobia irritans
Haematobia irritans, the horn fly (mouche des cornes), is a small blood-feeding muscid fly that lives permanently on cattle, feeding 24–38 times daily; larvae develop in dung, and the species causes about US$1 billion in annual North American cattle losses.
Halteres
Halteres, from the French word for dumbbell, are club-shaped organs of true flies evolved from the hindwings that act as gyroscopes, sensing body rotations and stabilizing flight.
Heleomyzidae
Heleomyzidae (sun flies, heleomyzid flies) is a family of about 738 saprophagous fly species in 76 genera, superfamily Sphaeroceroidea, with spiny costal veins, larvae in carrion, dung, and fungi, and debated family limits.
Hermetia illucens
Hermetia illucens, the black soldier fly (Stratiomyidae, Diptera), native to Central and northern South America, is the leading industrial insect species; its larvae bioconvert organic waste into animal feed protein, oil, and frass fertilizer.
Highland midge
Highland midge (Culicoides impunctatus, Gaelic Meanbh-chuileag), a 1.4 mm Palearctic biting midge causing up to 90% of human bites in Scotland; bivoltine, wind-limited, breeding in boggy acidic ground, a major nuisance to tourism and forestry.
Hippobosca longipennis
Hippobosca longipennis, the dog louse fly (Fabricius, 1805), a Hippoboscidae blood-feeding ectoparasite of dogs and wild carnivores native to Africa and the Middle East, vector of Acanthocheilonema dracunculoides and transport host of Cheyletiella yasguri.
Hippoboscidae
Hippoboscidae, the louse flies or keds, are obligate blood-feeding ectoparasitic flies of mammals and birds, with about 213 species, adenotrophic viviparity, and subfamilies Hippoboscinae, Lipopteninae, and Ornithomyinae; includes the sheep ked and pigeon fly.