277 articles
Emblema
Emblema is a monotypic estrildid finch genus (Gould, 1842) containing the Painted Finch, Emblema pictum, of arid inland Australia; named from Latin for mosaic, after its mottled red-and-white underparts.
Erythrura
Erythrura (parrotfinches), genus of estrildid finches established by Swainson 1837; 10-12 species from southeast Asia to the Pacific; Gouldian Finch is its sister taxon.
Estrilda
Estrilda (Swainson, 1827) is a genus of African waxbill finches in the family Estrildidae, type species the Common Waxbill Estrilda astrild. A 2020 phylogeny found the genus non-monophyletic, splitting off Brunhilda and Glaucestrilda.
Euphonia
Euphonia (euphonias), genus of Neotropical finches in Fringillidae, subfamily Euphoniinae, established by Desmarest 1806; distinguished from Chlorophonia by paraphyly findings, blue-hooded species moved to Chlorophonia in 2021, and specialized mistletoe-fruit diet.
Euplectes
Euplectes (Swainson, 1829) is the African genus of bishops and widowbirds, 17 polygynous weaverbird species (Ploceidae) of sub-Saharan grasslands, whose breeding males wear black plumage with carotenoid yellow-to-red patches and, in widowbirds, long nuptial tails.
Euplectes ardens
Euplectes ardens, the Red-collared Widowbird (euplecte veuve-noire), a polygynous Ploceidae weaver of African savannas; black breeding males with ~22 cm tails and red collars; IUCN Least Concern.
Eurasian blackcap
The Eurasian blackcap (Sylvia atricapilla) is a common warbler of European and North African woodlands and gardens, the male named for its glossy black crown.
Eurasian blue tit
Eurasian blue tit (Cyanistes caeruleus, Mésange bleue, Blaumeise): small European tit of woodlands and gardens with blue cap, white face, yellow underparts; cavity nester, insect eater, IUCN Least Concern, known for milk-bottle cream raiding.
Eurasian bullfinch
Eurasian bullfinch (Pyrrhula pyrrhula), a Palearctic finch from the British Isles to the Far East; male rose-red with black cap; feeds on seeds and fruit-tree buds; Least Concern, increasing in Europe.
Eurasian jay
Eurasian jay (Garrulus glandarius), a colourful corvid of Europe and Asia; caches 4,500-11,000 acorns, shows episodic-like memory, disperses oaks up to 4 km; IUCN Least Concern, stable population of 24-46.2 million mature individuals.
Eurasian magpie
Eurasian magpie (Pica pica), also called common magpie, is a black-and-white corvid of Europe and Asia, 45 cm long with a long tail, omnivorous, urban-adapted, IUCN Least Concern; famous but unreplicated 2008 mirror self-recognition claim.
Eurasian tree sparrow
Eurasian tree sparrow (Passer montanus), moineau friquet, gorrión molinero: small chestnut-capped, white-cheeked Old World sparrow of Europe and Asia; cavity nester; introduced to the US from 12 birds in St. Louis, 1870.
Eurasian wren
Eurasian wren (Troglodytes troglodytes, often Nannus troglodytes), the Old World wren: 9–10 cm, ~9.9 g, extremely loud year-round song, 28–29 subspecies, communal winter roosts, king-of-the-birds folklore.
European goldfinch
European goldfinch (Carduelis carduelis), a colorful finch of Europe, North Africa, and western Asia; red face, yellow wing bars, thistle-seed diet; IUCN Least Concern, 101-155 million birds, declining in North Africa from cagebird trapping.
European robin
European robin (Erithacus rubecula), also called robin redbreast: a small territorial Old World flycatcher with an orange breast, singing year-round, breeding across Europe, and navigating by a cryptochrome-based magnetic compass.
Ficedula
Ficedula (Brisson, 1760) is the largest genus of Old World flycatchers in Muscicapidae, about 30 species including the pied and collared flycatchers; molecular work shows it is not monophyletic as traditionally defined.
Finch
Finch: true finches are seed-eating passerine birds of Fringillidae with conical bills, found worldwide except Australia. Darwin's finches and zebra finches are not finches but tanagers and waxbills; HMGA2 links to Galápagos beak evolution.
Formicarius
Formicarius (Boddaert, 1783) is a genus of Neotropical antthrushes, family Formicariidae, type species F. colma; terrestrial forest-floor birds including the Black-faced, Rufous-capped, and Mayan Antthrushes.
Fringilla
Fringilla (chaffinches and brambling) is a Linnaean 1758 genus of finches in Fringillidae, subfamily Fringillinae, sister to Carduelinae; includes F. coelebs, F. montifringilla, and Macaronesian chaffinch species.
Fringilla coelebs
Fringilla coelebs, the common chaffinch (Buchfink), is a widespread Eurasian and Macaronesian finch; a 2021 phylogenomic study proposes splitting it into five species.
Fringilla montifringilla
Fringilla montifringilla, the brambling (Bergfink, Pinson du Nord), is a northern Eurasian finch breeding in birch and boreal forest from Fennoscandia to Russia, wintering in huge nomadic flocks that follow beech mast crops, with roosts up to 20 million birds.
Fringillidae
Fringillidae, the true finches (including Hawaiian honeycreepers, synonym Drepanididae), is a passerine family of seed-eating songbirds with palatal grooves and a reduced 10th primary, split into Fringillinae, Euphoniinae, and Carduelinae, with Darwin's finches historically assigned to it.
Furnariidae
Furnariidae, the ovenbirds, woodcreepers, and spinetails, is a Neotropical passerine family of about 318 species in 71 genera, famed for extraordinary nest diversity including the mud oven nests of Furnarius horneros.
Furnarius
Furnarius (horneros) is a South American genus of ovenbirds, family Furnariidae, erected by Vieillot in 1816; species such as the Rufous Hornero build oven-shaped mud-and-saliva nests that work as incubation chambers.
Galerida
Galerida is a genus of crested larks (Alaudidae) established by Friedrich Boie in 1828, with the Crested Lark Galerida cristata as type species; about 6-7 species across Eurasia and Africa, 14-19 cm long, named from Latin galerum 'cap'.
Garrulax
Garrulax (Lesson, 1831) is a genus of laughingthrushes in the family Leiothrichidae of southern Asia; once broad, it was reduced after Moyle et al. 2012 split most species into Ianthocincla and Trochalopteron.
Geospiza
Geospiza, the ground finches of the Galápagos established by John Gould in 1837, is a genus of Darwin's finches in Thraupidae, with six traditionally recognized species whose beak evolution is driven by seed diet, the ALX1 locus, and hybridization.
Geothlypis
Geothlypis (yellowthroats) is a genus of New World wood-warblers, Parulidae, established by Cabanis in 1847, with about nine species of marsh and thicket birds, yellow-bellied and black-masked, including the Common Yellowthroat.
Gerygone
Gerygone (gerygones) is a genus of about 20 small insectivorous Australasian songbirds in family Acanthizidae, named by Gould in 1841, ranging from Australia and New Guinea to New Zealand and Southeast Asia.
Goldcrest
Goldcrest (Regulus regulus), a 5-6 g Eurasian kinglet, the smallest breeding bird in Britain and Ireland alongside the firecrest; coniferous woodland, clutches up to 12 eggs, IUCN Least Concern.