Other identified invertebrate lineages

Lineus longissimus

Lineus longissimus, the bootlace worm, is a European ribbon worm (Nemertea) from Iceland to the Baltic, typically 5-15 m long, with a record 55 m specimen from St Andrews in 1864, and toxic mucus containing tetrodotoxin-like compounds and nemertide peptides.

Lingulella

Lingulella, extinct Cambrian-Ordovician obolid brachiopod genus (type species L. davisii, Upper Cambrian Wales), organophosphatic tongue-shaped shells, known from Burgess Shale and Chengjiang, formerly a wastebasket genus.

Linoproductus

Linoproductus, extinct productid brachiopod genus named by Chao in 1927, type species Productus cora; thin finely ribbed spiny shells, cosmopolitan, Late Carboniferous to Permian, family Linoproductidae.

List of animals by number of legs

List of animals by number of legs: insects 6, arachnids 8, myriapods many, tetrapods 4 limbs; record holder Eumillipes persephone with 1,306 legs; sea stars use thousands of tube feet instead.

List of venomous animals

Venomous animals deliver toxins through wounds made by fangs, stingers, or spines, unlike poisonous animals. Over 200,000 species across cnidarians, molluscs, arthropods, fish, reptiles, and mammals; snakebite kills 81,000-138,000 people yearly.

Lobothyris

Lobothyris is an extinct Early Jurassic genus of terebratulid brachiopods (family Lobothyrididae), best known from the European species L. punctata (Sowerby, 1812), a stationary epifaunal suspension feeder with a low-Mg calcite shell.

Longispina

Longispina: primarily an extinct Devonian chonetid brachiopod genus (Cooper, 1942, type species Chonetes emmetensis); the epithet longispina also names crustaceans, a rotifer, water fleas, and a foraminiferan, and a junior homonym ostracode genus was renamed.

Magas

Magas (Sowerby, 1816) is an extinct Cretaceous brachiopod genus in order Terebratulida, suborder Terebratellidina, family Terebratellidae, ranging 112–66 Ma, with the species Magas chitoniformis (chitiniformis).

Marginifera

Marginifera Waagen, 1884 is an extinct Permian productid brachiopod genus (type species M. typica, family Productellidae) defined by a marginal ridge on the brachial valve, spinose flanks, and a partly buried, ventral-valve-down life habit.

Martinia

Martinia (M'Coy, 1844) is an extinct spiriferid brachiopod genus, type species Spirifer glaber, with a smooth, short-hinged shell, ranging from the Early Devonian to the end-Permian, distinct from Spinomartinia by pinnate pallial markings.

Nemertea

Nemertea (ribbon worms, proboscis worms): phylum of about 1,300 unsegmented worm species with an eversible proboscis in a rhynchocoel, mostly marine predators, placed within Lophotrochozoa near Phoronida.

Neospirifer

Neospirifer (Fredericks, 1924) is an extinct genus of large spiriferid brachiopods, type species Spirifer fasciger, defined by shell ribs grouped into raised fascicles of three; it ranged from Mississippian to Permian and is common in Pennsylvanian rocks of the American Midcontinent.

Nicolella

Nicolella, extinct Ordovician orthide brachiopod genus (Reed, 1917; type species Orthis actoniae Sowerby, 1839), namesake of the Nicolella Community that migrated from Avalonia and Baltica to the Mediterranean Gondwana margin in the late Katian.

Nowakia

Nowakia is an extinct genus of small, planktonic marine animals with conical shells, established by Gürich in 1896; its abundant, easily identified shells make it a mainstay of Devonian biostratigraphy.

Nucleata

Nucleata (Quenstedt, 1868) is an extinct genus of terebratulid brachiopods, type species Nucleata nucleata (von Schlotheim, 1820), known from Jurassic and Early Cretaceous marine deposits in Europe and Indonesia.

Obolus

Obolus (Eichwald, 1829) is an extinct obolid linguloid brachiopod genus from the Middle Cambrian to earliest Ordovician, known from the "Obolus sands" of Estonia and Ingria, Russia; type species disputed between O. apollinis and O. labradoricus.

Orbiculoidea

Orbiculoidea (d'Orbigny, 1847) is an extinct discinid brachiopod genus with an organophosphatic, subcircular shell, ranging from the Ordovician to the Late Triassic and cosmopolitan in distribution.

Orthis

Orthis Dalman, 1828 is an extinct Ordovician orthide brachiopod genus with type species O. callactis; long used as a catch-all name, now flagged doubtful, with species reassigned to Dolerorthis, Cincinnetina, and others.

Paterina

Paterina (Paterinidae, Paterinata) is an extinct Cambrian to Late Ordovician brachiopod genus, type species Obolus labradoricus, known from the Burgess Shale, with a strophic organophosphatic shell and open delthyrium.

Pentamerus

Pentamerus (Sowerby, 1813) is an extinct genus of large pentameride brachiopods, type species P. oblongus, abundant in Silurian (Llandovery) rocks of Laurentia, Baltica, and Siberia; South Chinese forms are now assigned to Sulcipentamerus.

Polypora

Polypora is an extinct fenestrate bryozoan genus (M'Coy, 1844; type species P. dendroides) with fan-shaped, net-like calcite fronds, ranging Lower Devonian to Upper Permian worldwide; unrelated organisms share the species epithet polypora.

Priapulida

Priapulida (penis worms) is a phylum of 22 marine ecdysozoan worms with a scalid-bearing introvert and molting cuticle, dominant Cambrian predators and bioturbators whose trace fossil Treptichnus pedum marks the Cambrian base.

Productella

Productella is an extinct Devonian productellid brachiopod genus (Hall, 1867; type species Productus subaculeatus Murchison, 1840), Givetian to Famennian of Eurasia, small concavoconvex ventral-spined shells.

Productus

Productus, an extinct spiny brachiopod genus (Productida, Productidae) of the Carboniferous and Permian; a guide fossil indicating Carboniferous-age rocks, with species such as P. semireticulatus and P. cora.

Protostome

Protostomia (protostomes) is the bilaterian animal clade of Ecdysozoa and Lophotrochozoa, about 97% of animal species, defined by blastopore-forms-mouth development and strongly supported by phylogenomics, unlike Deuterostomia.

Pugnax

Pugnax, extinct rhynchonellid brachiopod genus (Hall & Clarke, 1893), type species P. pugnus, Middle Devonian to Upper Permian, cosmopolitan; also epithet of fiddler crab, rice stink bug, Betta, and others.

Pugnoides

Pugnoides, extinct rhynchonellid brachiopod genus named by Weller in 1910, family Petasmariidae, coarsely ribbed, ranging from the Devonian (388 Ma) to the Permian (260 Ma).

Pustula

Pustula Thomas, 1914 is an extinct echinoconchid productid brachiopod genus (type species Producta pustulosa Phillips, 1836), Visean in the Treatise, with late Pennsylvanian Midcontinent species; distinct from homonymous Pustula Thines and the gastropod Pusula.

Pygope

Pygope (Link, 1830) is an extinct Terebratulida brachiopod genus of the Pygopidae, known for smooth bipartite shells with a central keyhole perforation, living from the late Oxfordian to late Barremian in Tethyan seas.