5 articles
5α-Reductase
5α-Reductase (SRD5A1-3) is the NADPH-dependent enzyme converting testosterone to the more potent androgen DHT; its deficiency causes the guevedoces phenotype, and its inhibitors finasteride and dutasteride treat BPH and hair loss.
Aminoglutethimide
Aminoglutethimide, brand name Cytadren, is a drug derived from glutethimide that blocks steroid synthesis and was the first aromatase inhibitor used to treat advanced breast cancer.
Androgen biosynthesis
Androgen biosynthesis (Reactome R-HSA-193048): the steroidogenic pathway converting cholesterol via pregnenolone, DHEA, and androstenedione to testosterone and DHT, catalyzed by CYP11A1, CYP17A1, HSD3B, HSD17B3, and SRD5A enzymes.
Aromatase
Aromatase (CYP19A1, estrogen synthase, EC 1.14.14.1) is the cytochrome P450 enzyme converting androgens to estrogens in ovaries, adipose, placenta, and brain; its inhibitors anastrozole, letrozole, and exemestane treat hormone receptor-positive breast cancer.
Estrogen biosynthesis
Estrogen biosynthesis (aromatase pathway, CYP19A1, Reactome R-HSA-193144): conversion of cholesterol-derived androgens testosterone and androstenedione to estradiol and estrone via three-step aromatization, regulated by FSH/LH and tissue-specific promoters.