10 articles
Calcium imaging
Calcium imaging is a fluorescence microscopy technique that measures intracellular calcium dynamics in neurons and other cells, widely used to record brain activity in behaving animals.
Chromophore-assisted light inactivation
Chromophore-assisted light inactivation (CALI) is a cell biology technique that uses light-activated chromophores bound to a target protein to generate reactive oxygen species, inactivating it within a second.
Electrophysiology recording
Electrophysiology recording is a laboratory technique that measures the electrical activity of living cells, such as neurons, using electrodes to detect membrane voltage or ionic currents.
Genetic ablation
Genetic ablation is a bench biology method that selectively kills defined cell populations in a living organism by expressing a cytotoxic or death-inducing transgene in those cells.
Genetically encoded calcium indicators
Genetically encoded calcium indicators (GECIs) are engineered proteins, expressed from transferred genes, that change fluorescence upon binding calcium ions, allowing calcium dynamics and neural activity to be imaged in living cells and organisms.
Optogenetic stimulation
Optogenetic stimulation uses genetically expressed, light-activated proteins, typically channelrhodopsins, to control the electrical activity of specified cells in living tissue with millisecond precision, first demonstrated by Edward S. Boyden and colleagues in 2005.
Phosphorescence lifetime imaging
Phosphorescence lifetime imaging (PLIM) is an optical microscopy method that maps oxygen in living cells and tissues, converting phosphorescence decay times into local oxygen pressure; it is widely used for tumor hypoxia and brain oxygen imaging.
Photostimulation
Photostimulation is the use of light to control the activity of living cells, chiefly through optogenetics, which makes neurons light-sensitive; introduced for circuit mapping in 1993, it is now a general neuroscience tool.
Redox imaging
Redox imaging maps the oxidation-reduction state of living cells and tissues, either label-free from the autofluorescence of NADH and FAD, or from genetically encoded redox sensors.
Whole-cell patch clamp
Whole-cell patch clamp is an electrophysiology technique in which a glass micropipette sealed onto a cell is ruptured to record currents and voltage across the whole cell membrane.