2 articles
Intracytoplasmic sperm injection
Intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI): IVF micromanipulation technique injecting one spermatozoon into an oocyte's cytoplasm; first human success by Palermo et al. in 1992; standard for severe male factor infertility, used in ~70% of cycles, but no live-birth benefit over conventional IVF without male factor.
Nuclear transfer
Nuclear transfer is a cloning technique that transfers a somatic cell nucleus into an enucleated egg, whose cytoplasm reprograms it; it produced Dolly the sheep in 1996.