28 articles
Abscess of spleen
Abscess of spleen (splenic abscess, ICD-11 3B81.71): a rare pus-forming infection of the spleen, incidence 0.1–0.7%, usually from hematogenous spread; treated with antibiotics, percutaneous drainage, or splenectomy.
Accessory spleen
Accessory spleen (splenunculus, splenule): congenital ectopic splenic tissue, distinct from splenosis. Present in about 14.5% of people, usually near the splenic hilum; can cause hematologic recurrence after splenectomy and mimic tumors on imaging.
Acute septic splenitis
Acute septic splenitis (septic spleen), ICD-11 3B81.70, is acute bacterial infection of the spleen seen in septicaemia; historically called acute splenic tumour, related to splenic abscess, treated with antibiotics, drainage, or splenectomy.
Benign vascular tumors of the spleen
Benign vascular tumors of the spleen are noncancerous masses arising from splenic blood vessels, including hemangioma, hamartoma, lymphangioma, and the rare SANT, first reported in 2004.
Blunt splenic trauma
Blunt splenic trauma: spleen injury from non-penetrating force, also called blunt splenic injury. Non-operative management is standard in hemodynamically stable patients; failure under 10% overall, up to 75% in grade V; splenic artery embolization is the key adjunct.
Chronic congestive splenomegaly
Chronic congestive splenomegaly (ICD-10 D73.2, ICD-11 3B81.C; also spleen hyperaemia, Opitz disease) is long-term spleen enlargement from portal hypertension or splenic vein thrombosis, causing red pulp congestion, fibrosis, and pancytopenia.
Congenital asplenia
Congenital asplenia: absence of the spleen from birth, isolated (often RPSA-related, autosomal dominant) or syndromic with heterotaxy and heart defects; marked risk of pneumococcal sepsis, managed with vaccination and penicillin prophylaxis.
Epithelial cyst of spleen
Epithelial cyst of spleen (ICD-11 3B81.51), also called epidermoid or mesothelial splenic cyst: a rare primary true splenic cyst with an epithelial lining, about 10% of nonparasitic splenic cysts, usually incidental in children and young adults, treated by spleen-preserving surgery.
Extramedullary hematopoiesis
Extramedullary hematopoiesis is the production of blood cells outside the bone marrow, mainly in the spleen, liver, and lymph nodes, often compensating for marrow failure.
Infection of spleen
Infection of spleen (ICD-11 3B81.7), chiefly splenic abscess and acute septic splenitis: rare bacterial, fungal, or parasitic splenic infection, 0.1–0.7% incidence, treated with antibiotics, percutaneous drainage, or splenectomy.
Injury of spleen
Injury of spleen (ICD-11 NB91.0), traumatic damage to the spleen, mostly blunt trauma (over 94%); graded AAST I-V, managed nonoperatively when stable, with splenectomy reserved for instability or peritonitis.
Littoral cell hemangioma of the spleen
Littoral cell hemangioma of the spleen, also called littoral cell angioma (LCA), is a rare splenic vascular tumor of littoral cells, first described by Falk in 1991, usually benign, diagnosed by histology and immunohistochemistry.
Marginal zone of the spleen
Splenic marginal zone: border region between white and red pulp where SIGNR1/MARCO macrophages and rapid-response marginal zone B cells trap blood-borne pathogens; absent as a distinct compartment in humans, whose loss (asplenia) raises encapsulated-bacteria risk.
Overwhelming post-splenectomy infection
Overwhelming post-splenectomy infection (OPSI), or post-splenectomy sepsis, is fulminant sepsis in asplenic or hyposplenic people, mainly from Streptococcus pneumoniae and other encapsulated bacteria, progressing within 24-48 hours with 50-70% mortality if untreated.
Pseudocyst of spleen
Pseudocyst of spleen, also called secondary or false splenic cyst, is an epithelium-free fibrous-walled cyst, usually post-traumatic, accounting for 70-80% of nonparasitic splenic cysts and managed by spleen-preserving drainage or surgery.
Red pulp
Red pulp (pulpa rubra) is the blood-filtering compartment of the spleen, about 75% of its tissue, made of cords of Billroth and venous sinuses where macrophages cull and pit aged red cells, recycle iron, and store platelets.
Spleen
Spleen: largest secondary lymphoid organ in adult humans, in the left upper quadrant; filters blood, recycles iron, stores 25-30% of RBCs, and mounts immune responses; human spleen lacks a rodent-style marginal zone.
Spleen filtration of nanoparticles
Spleen filtration of nanoparticles is the process by which the spleen traps or destroys intravenously injected nanoparticles; particles above 200 nm are captured, so designs stay near 100 nm or exploit the filter for immunotherapy.
Spleen imaging
Spleen imaging uses ultrasound, CT, MRI, and nuclear scintigraphy to measure the spleen and assess enlargement or focal abnormality, with ultrasound the most validated first-line test.
Spleen transplantation
Spleen transplantation (splenic autotransplantation) reimplants a patient's own splenic fragments, usually in the greater omentum, after splenectomy to regenerate splenic tissue and reduce overwhelming post-splenectomy infection risk; protection against OPSI remains unconfirmed.
Splenectomy
Splenectomy is surgical removal of the spleen, done open, laparoscopic, or robotically for trauma, hematologic disorders, and splenomegaly; asplenic patients need lifelong pneumococcal, meningococcal, and Hib vaccination and antibiotic prophylaxis.
Splenic cyst
A splenic cyst is a fluid-filled cavity in the spleen, classified as a true epithelial-lined cyst, a pseudocyst, or a parasitic hydatid cyst; about 75% are pseudocysts, most following abdominal trauma.
Splenic infarction
Splenic infarction: death of spleen tissue from occlusion of the splenic artery or its branches. Also called splenic infarct. Causes include cardioembolism, hematologic disease, malignancy, sepsis; diagnosed by contrast-enhanced CT; usually managed conservatively.
Splenic injury
Splenic injury: trauma to the spleen, the most commonly injured organ in blunt abdominal trauma. Also called splenic trauma; treated by nonoperative management, embolization, or splenectomy, with NOM failure under 10% overall.
Splenomegaly
Splenomegaly, an enlarged spleen (over 12 cm length or 400 g), arises from portal hypertension, infections like EBV and malaria, infiltration, or hematopoiesis; massive splenomegaly exceeds 20 cm or 1000 g and risks rupture.
Splenosis
Splenosis, also called splenic autotransplantation, is benign ectopic splenic tissue implanted after splenic trauma or splenectomy; diagnosed by Tc-99m heat-damaged RBC scintigraphy, it mimics malignancy and occurs in up to 65% of splenic ruptures.
Torsion of spleen
Torsion of spleen (splenic torsion), twisting of the spleen on its vascular pedicle, usually in a wandering spleen; rare (about 500 cases), presenting with abdominal pain and mass, diagnosed by CT whirl sign, treated by splenopexy or splenectomy.
White pulp
White pulp, also called the Malpighian body of the spleen, is the lymphoid tissue surrounding the central arteries where adaptive immune responses to blood-borne antigens are initiated.