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Behavioral neuroscience (biological psychology)

7 articles

Behavioral neuroscience

Behavioral neuroscience, also known as biological psychology or biopsychology, is the branch of neuroscience studying how the nervous system produces behavior, emotions, and mental processes, largely through experiments with laboratory animals.

Biological psychiatry

Biological psychiatry: interdisciplinary science of the biological bases of behavior (biochemical, genetic, physiological, neurological) applied to mental illness; three historical waves, flagship journal Biological Psychiatry (1969), ongoing biomarker and clinical-translation debate.

Instinct

Instinct: unlearned, inherited, species-typical behavior, also called innate behavior. Traced from Darwin and James through McDougall, the 1920s critiques (Dunlap, Kuo), ethology's fixed action patterns, and Lehrman's critique.

Mesolimbic pathway

Mesolimbic pathway: dopamine projection from the ventral tegmental area to limbic structures, chiefly the nucleus accumbens. Central to reward, incentive salience ('wanting'), prediction error learning, addiction, depression, and schizophrenia research.

Motor skill

Motor skill: learned ability to perform movements efficiently, assessed by retention and transfer. Covers Fitts-Posner stages, contextual interference (random vs blocked practice, SMD 0.55), implicit vs explicit learning, and cortex-basal ganglia-cerebellum mechanisms.

Psychoneuroimmunology

Psychoneuroimmunology (PNI), also called psycho-neuro-immunology, studies bidirectional interactions among behavior, nervous and endocrine function, and immunity; founded on Ader and Cohen's 1975 conditioned immunosuppression, spanning stress effects on infection to inflammation in depression.

Robert Sapolsky

Robert M. Sapolsky, Stanford neuroendocrinologist and primatologist; glucocorticoid cascade hypothesis, Kenyan baboon rank-stress studies, Behave and Determined, MacArthur Fellow, free-will denial debate.