1,240 articles
Weber test
Weber test: bedside hearing test, created by Ernst Heinrich Weber in 1834, placing a 512-Hz tuning fork on the midline skull; sound lateralizes toward a conductive loss and away from a sensorineural loss, complementing the Rinne test.
Wernicke's area
Wernicke's area (Brodmann area 22), posterior superior temporal gyrus of the dominant hemisphere, described by Carl Wernicke in 1874; traditionally the language comprehension center, now reinterpreted as supporting phonological retrieval.
Witzelsucht
Witzelsucht, from German Witz (joke) and Sucht (addiction), is a rare neurological syndrome of compulsive punning and inappropriate joking after right frontal lobe damage; coined by Hermann Oppenheim in 1890, distinct from Jastrowitz's moria.
Wrist drop
Wrist drop, also called radial nerve palsy, is loss of wrist, finger, and thumb extension from radial nerve injury. Causes include humeral shaft fractures, Saturday night palsy compression, and PIN entrapment; over 90% recover in 3 to 4 months.
X-linked endothelial corneal dystrophy
X-linked endothelial corneal dystrophy (XECD, OMIM 300779) is a very rare X-linked posterior corneal dystrophy mapped to Xq25 with unknown gene; males have congenital ground-glass corneal clouding, females only moon crater-like endothelial changes.
X-linked parkinsonism-spasticity syndrome
X-linked parkinsonism-spasticity syndrome, also known as X-linked parkinsonism with spasticity, is a rare inherited neurological disorder affecting males, caused by mutations in the ATP6AP2 gene on the X chromosome.
X-linked spastic paraplegia type 34
X-linked spastic paraplegia type 34 (SPG34, OMIM 300750) is an extremely rare, pure hereditary spastic paraplegia, X-linked recessive, mapped to Xq25 with the gene unidentified, reported in one family, onset 12–25 years, treated symptomatically.
Yawn
Yawn: involuntary wide mouth opening with deep inhalation and slow expiration, nearly universal in vertebrates. Functions debated: brain thermoregulation and arousal; contagious yawning shows familiarity bias and reduced susceptibility with psychopathic traits.
Zellweger syndrome
Zellweger syndrome, the severe form of Zellweger spectrum disorder (ZSD, cerebrohepatorenal syndrome), is an autosomal recessive peroxisome biogenesis disorder caused by PEX gene defects, mainly PEX1, causing hypotonia, seizures, and early death.
ZVS101e (CYP4V2 AAV gene therapy)
ZVS101e, also registered as rAAV2/8-hCYP4V2, is an AAV gene therapy delivering a functional CYP4V2 gene by subretinal injection, developed by Chigenovo of Beijing to treat Bietti crystalline corneoretinal dystrophy.