2,701 articles
John D. Stobo
John D. Stobo, known as Jack Stobo, is an American physician-scientist in immunology and rheumatology who led academic medicine at Johns Hopkins and the University of Texas Medical Branch.
John Puskas
John D. Puskas is an American cardiothoracic surgeon known for off-pump coronary artery bypass surgery on the beating heart, and for major trials comparing it with conventional bypass.
Joint
A joint, or articulation, is where two or more bones, or bone and cartilage, connect in the skeleton; joints allow movement like limb swinging or provide stability like the skull.
Jonathan Kipnis
Jonathan Kipnis, Israeli-born American neuroimmunologist at Washington University in St. Louis; discovered meningeal lymphatic vessels in 2015, reframing CNS immune privilege and brain drainage in Alzheimer's disease.
Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing
Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing (JCN), ISSN 0889-4655, is a bimonthly US peer-reviewed nursing journal founded in 1986, published by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, official journal of the Preventive Cardiovascular Nurses Association, 2025 impact factor 2.3 (Q2).
Journal of Neurophysiology
The Journal of Neurophysiology (JNP) is a monthly peer-reviewed journal of the American Physiological Society, based in Bethesda, Maryland, publishing since 1938 under a hybrid open-access model.
Journal of the American College of Cardiology
Journal of the American College of Cardiology (JACC), ISSN 0735-1097, is the ACC's flagship weekly peer-reviewed cardiology journal, launched 1983 under Simon Dack, published by Elsevier, editor Harlan Krumholz.
Juan C. Parodi
Juan Carlos Parodi is an Argentine vascular surgeon who performed the first endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) in 1990 at the Instituto Cardiovascular de Buenos Aires, a technique since used on more than one million patients.
Jugular vein
Jugular veins: paired neck veins draining the head and neck. Internal jugular runs in the carotid sheath from the jugular foramen to the brachiocephalic vein; external jugular is superficial. Used for central access and JVP assessment.
Jugular venous pressure
Jugular venous pressure is a bedside estimate of right atrial pressure, measured by the height of the pulsating blood column in the internal jugular vein.
Junctional rhythm
Junctional rhythm: an arrhythmia arising from the AV node or His bundle instead of the SA node, classified by rate (bradycardia 100 bpm), with absent or retrograde P waves and narrow QRS on ECG.
JUPITER trial
JUPITER (Justification for the Use of Statins in Prevention) trial: 2008 AstraZeneca-funded randomized trial of rosuvastatin 20 mg in 17,802 adults with LDL-C under 130 mg/dL and hsCRP at least 2.0 mg/L; stopped at 1.9 years with 44% relative risk reduction, contested absolute benefit, and increased diabetes incidence.
Juvenile amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Juvenile amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (JALS, juvenile Charcot disease) is a rare motor neuron disease beginning before age 25, under 1 in 1,000,000 prevalence, mostly familial, linked to FUS, ALS2, SETX, SPG11, and SIGMAR1 genes.
Juvenile hemochromatosis
Juvenile hemochromatosis (type 2 hereditary hemochromatosis, HJV/HAMP-related) is a rare autosomal recessive iron-overload disease of children and young adults, causing hepcidin deficiency, rapid iron loading, cardiomyopathy, hypogonadism, and diabetes, treated with phlebotomy or chelation.
Juvenile primary lateral sclerosis
Juvenile primary lateral sclerosis (JPLS, OMIM 606353) is a very rare autosomal recessive motor neuron disease caused by ALS2 mutations, beginning in childhood with progressive spasticity, loss of walking, and loss of speech.
Juxtaglomerular apparatus
Juxtaglomerular apparatus (JGA), kidney structure at the glomerular vascular pole: granular renin-secreting cells, macula densa (~20 cells), and extraglomerular mesangium; mediates tubuloglomerular feedback and renin release via baroreceptor, macula densa, and sympathetic mechanisms.
Kaposiform lymphangiomatosis
Kaposiform lymphangiomatosis (KLA), a rare complex lymphatic anomaly first described in 2014, features malformed lymphatic channels with spindled endothelial cells, thoracic effusions, bone and spleen involvement, NRAS Q61R mutations, and sirolimus treatment.
Kavli Prize in Neuroscience
The Kavli Prize in Neuroscience is a biennial award, first given in 2008, honoring major advances in neuroscience; laureates share $1 million, a gold medal, and a diploma.
Kell antigen system
Kell antigen system (ISBT KEL, 006): 38 red cell antigens on the KEL glycoprotein, discovered 1946 after Mrs Kelleher; K/k antithetical antigens, third most immunogenic after ABO and Rh D, causing HDFN and transfusion reactions.
Kennedy disease
Kennedy disease, or spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy (SBMA), is an X-linked recessive adult-onset motor neuron disorder caused by CAG repeat expansion in the androgen receptor (AR) gene, causing male limb and bulbar weakness, gynecomastia, and slow progression.
Kenneth J. Ryan
Kenneth J. Ryan is a physician-scientist known for 1980s research in reproductive endocrinology and obstetric epidemiology, proposing that insulin and luteinizing hormone jointly regulate ovarian androgen production.
Kenyon cell
Kenyon cells are the intrinsic neurons of the insect mushroom bodies (corpora pedunculata), named after Kenyon (1896); from about 2,500 in Drosophila to 230,000 in cockroach, they form the parallel learning and memory circuit for olfactory conditioning.
Keratitis
Keratitis, inflammation of the cornea; microbial keratitis (bacterial, fungal, viral, Acanthamoeba) is a sight-threatening infection, with contact lens wear the main risk factor in Western settings.
Keratitis fugax hereditaria
Keratitis fugax hereditaria (keratoendotheliitis fugax hereditaria, KFH) is a rare autosomal dominant corneal autoinflammatory disease caused by the NLRP3 variant c.61G>C, causing recurrent unilateral painful attacks, blurred vision, and corneal opacities, mainly in people of Finnish descent.
Keratoconus
Keratoconus, also called conical cornea, is a bilateral noninflammatory ectatic corneal disease causing progressive thinning, cone-shaped bulging, and irregular astigmatism; managed with contact lenses, corneal cross-linking, ring segments, or keratoplasty.
Ketanserin
Ketanserin is a selective antagonist of the serotonin 5-HT2A receptor, developed by Janssen Pharmaceutica in 1980, studied clinically as an antihypertensive and antiplatelet agent and widely used in laboratory research.
Kidney
Kidney: paired fist-sized organs filtering about 150 quarts of blood daily via roughly a million nephrons each; regulate blood pressure, red cells, and minerals; CKD affects over 1 in 7 US adults.
Kidney development
Kidney development (nephrogenesis): formation of the mammalian kidney via pronephros, mesonephros, and metanephros, driven by ureteric bud–metanephric mesenchyme GDNF–RET signaling, from week 4 to 32–36 weeks, underlying CAKUT and organoid models.
Kikuchi disease (菊池病)
Kikuchi disease, also called Kikuchi-Fujimoto disease, is a rare, self-limited lymph node inflammation causing tender neck swelling and fever, first described in Japan in 1972.
Kinanthropometry
Kinanthropometry is the study of human body size, shape, proportion, composition, and function in relation to movement, exercise, fitness, and sporting performance, first defined by William Ross in 1978.