2,701 articles
Tejvir S. Khurana
Tejvir S. Khurana is a Professor of Physiology at the University of Pennsylvania's Perelman School of Medicine whose research on muscular dystrophy earned the Presidential Early Career Award.
Temperature play
Temperature play, also called hot and cold play, is a consensual erotic or BDSM sensory practice using controlled warmth and coolness, such as ice, warm oil, or low-temperature wax, with burn and frostbite risk managed through negotiation and safewords.
Temporal bone
Temporal bone: paired lateral skull bone (os temporale) with squamous, tympanic, styloid, mastoid, and petrous parts; houses the ear, facial and vestibulocochlear nerves, carotid artery, and jugular vein.
Temporal lobe
Temporal lobe: one of the four cerebral lobes, below the lateral sulcus (Sylvian fissure). Handles hearing (Heschl gyri), language, emotion, and memory via the medial temporal lobe memory system; temporal lobe epilepsy is the most common focal epilepsy syndrome.
Temporomandibular joint
Temporomandibular joint (TMJ), the bilateral synovial jaw joint between the mandibular condyle and temporal bone with a fibrocartilage disc; unique to mammals, evolved from the cynodont dentary-squamosal articulation, and the site of temporomandibular disorders.
Tendon
Tendon (sinew): fibrous connective tissue linking muscle to bone, mainly type I collagen (65-80% dry mass), with tenocytes, hierarchical bundles, energy-storing vs positional types, slow healing, and age-related stiffening.
Tensor fasciae latae muscle
Tensor fasciae latae (TFL, musculus tensor fasciae latae): small fusiform superficial gluteal-region muscle of the anterolateral thigh, arising from the ASIS and iliac crest, inserting via the iliotibial tract on Gerdy's tubercle, innervated by the superior gluteal nerve (L4-S1).
Tensor tympani muscle
Tensor tympani (musculus tensor tympani), a small middle-ear muscle innervated by CN V3, tenses the eardrum via the malleus, participates in the middle ear muscle reflex, and causes tensor tympani syndrome when it contracts involuntarily.
Teres major muscle
Teres major muscle (musculus teres major): thick shoulder muscle from the inferior scapula to the humerus; extends, internally rotates, and adducts the arm; innervated by the lower subscapular nerve; not a rotator cuff muscle; used in tendon transfers.
Teres minor muscle
Teres minor muscle (Musculus teres minor), one of the four rotator cuff muscles, runs from the scapula's lateral border to the humerus's greater tubercle; axillary nerve (C5-C6) innervates it for external rotation, adduction, and shoulder stabilization.
Terminology of transgender anatomy
Terminology of transgender anatomy: the clinical and educational vocabulary for describing transgender and nonbinary people's bodies, including organ inventories, preferred anatomical language, post-surgical anatomy terms, and outdated terms like FtM/MtF.
Terrien marginal degeneration
Terrien marginal degeneration (TMD), also called Terrien's marginal degeneration, is a rare, slowly progressive, usually non-inflammatory thinning of the peripheral cornea causing high against-the-rule astigmatism, lipid deposition, vascularization, and rare perforation.
Testicle
Testicle (testis, plural testes): male reproductive gland in the scrotum producing sperm and testosterone; 3–5 cm long, temperature-regulated 2–7 °C below core body temperature, controlled by LH and FSH.
Testosterone
Testosterone: male sex hormone essential to male development, isolated and named in 1935 by Ernst Laqueur's group. FDA-approved TRT products treat low testosterone with an associated medical condition; TRAVERSE (2023) showed no cardiovascular signal, and 2025-2026 FDA actions removed warnings and proposed wider uses.
Tethered cord syndrome
Tethered cord syndrome (TCS), abnormal fixation of the spinal cord causing traction, pain, and bladder or motor deficits; first described by Hoffman et al. 1976; treated by detethering or spinal column shortening.
Tetrachromacy
Tetrachromacy is possession of four independent color channels, usually four cone types from X-linked opsin heterozygosity in women; strong functional tetrachromacy is rare, weak forms more common, and no online tests are valid.
Tetralogy of Fallot
Tetralogy of Fallot is a congenital heart defect combining four abnormalities that cause low blood oxygen and bluish skin; surgical repair in infancy gives over 90% survival to adulthood.
Tetraplegia
Tetraplegia (quadriplegia) is paralysis of all four limbs from cervical spinal cord injury, C1–T1, affecting arm and leg function, breathing, and daily living; distinguished from paraplegia by affected arm function.
Texas Heart Institute
The Texas Heart Institute is a nonprofit cardiovascular research, education, and patient-care center in Houston's Texas Medical Center, founded by heart surgeon Denton A. Cooley in 1962.
tFUS trial
A tFUS trial is a clinical study of transcranial focused ultrasound, which delivers low-intensity ultrasound pulses through the skull to stimulate the thalamus in disorders of consciousness.
Thalamotomy
Thalamotomy: neurosurgical ablation of the thalamic ventral intermediate (Vim) nucleus to treat medication-refractory tremor in essential tremor and tremor-dominant Parkinson's disease, performed by radiofrequency, radiosurgery, or MR-guided focused ultrasound.
Thalamus
Thalamus: paired ovoid gray-matter nuclei at the top of the brainstem relaying all sensory information except smell to cortex; also gates consciousness, sleep rhythms, cognition, and is a target for DBS in tremor and epilepsy.
The Behavioral and brain sciences
Behavioral and Brain Sciences (BBS), Cambridge University Press journal founded 1978 by Stevan Harnad, known for Open Peer Commentary: target articles co-published with 20–40 invited cross-disciplinary commentaries and the author's response.
The Brain Prize
The Brain Prize is an annual award of DKK 10 million, about €1.3 million, given by Denmark's Lundbeck Foundation since 2011 to brain researchers of any nationality.
The Lancet. Neurology
The Lancet. Neurology (Lancet Neurol), monthly Elsevier neurology journal launched May 2002, ISSN 1474-4422; edited by Elena Becker-Barroso since 2012; 2025 impact factor 54.6, ranked first among clinical neurology journals.
The OAT-RCT trial
OAT-RCT (Obesity Anti-Coagulation Thromboprophylaxis Trial, NCT07559643): single-center Dublin RCT comparing weight-based tinzaparin vs weight-stratified enoxaparin for 21-day VTE prophylaxis after laparoscopic bariatric surgery; primary endpoint anti-Xa 0.2–0.4 IU/mL; 180 participants, starting August 2026.
Thecal sac
Thecal sac (dural sac, saccus durae matris spinalis): the dural sheath in the spinal canal enclosing the spinal cord, cauda equina, and cerebrospinal fluid; key MRI stenosis marker, lumbar puncture target, and SBRT contour.
Thelarche
Thelarche is the onset of breast development in girls, the first clinical sign of puberty (Tanner B2), typically at 9-10 years, declining about 3 months per decade since 1977.
Thenar eminence
Thenar eminence: the fleshy muscle mound at the base of the thumb, formed by abductor pollicis brevis, flexor pollicis brevis, and opponens pollicis, mainly median-nerve innervated; atrophy signals carpal tunnel syndrome.
Theta wave
Theta wave (theta rhythm): a 4–8 Hz brain oscillation, first seen in rabbit hippocampus (Jung and Kornmüller, 1938), prominent during rodent movement, REM sleep, human drowsiness, and frontal-midline cognitive processing, linked to navigation, memory, and phase precession.