13 articles
Alfentanil
Alfentanil (Rapifen) is a short-acting synthetic opioid analgesic derived from fentanyl and given intravenously during anesthesia. Synthesized by Janssen in 1976, it is a DEA Schedule II controlled substance.
Closed-Circuit Anesthesia
Closed-circuit anesthesia: inhalational technique with the APL valve closed, rebreathing CO2-absorbed exhaled gas, fresh gas matched to patient uptake; also called closed-system or quantitative anesthesia; flows near 250-500 mL/min, 1.3 MAC target, mandatory FiO2 monitoring.
Electronarcosis
Electronarcosis (electric anesthesia, electrosleep): profound stupor or general anesthesia produced by passing electric current through the brain; pioneered by Leduc circa 1900, used as prolonged ECT in the 1940s, abandoned by 1950.
Endotracheal anesthesia
Endotracheal anesthesia is general anesthesia in which anesthetic gases or vapors are delivered through a tube placed in the trachea, preventing airway obstruction and aspiration during surgery.
Enflurane
Enflurane (Ethrane) is a halogenated ether used as an inhalational anesthetic for induction and maintenance of general anesthesia; FDA-approved in 1972, it was withdrawn from the US market.
Ether anesthesia
Ether anesthesia is general anesthesia produced by inhaling diethyl ether vapor, inducing unconsciousness, analgesia, and muscle relaxation; first shown publicly in 1846, it persists in low-resource settings.
Gas Scavengers
Gas scavengers (anesthetic gas scavenging systems, AGSS) capture waste anesthetic gases from anesthesia circuits and ventilators. Active vacuum and passive charcoal designs cut room concentrations about 71%, protecting staff from N2O and halogenated agents.
Inhalation Anesthesia
Inhalation anesthesia: general anesthesia via inhaled agents (sevoflurane, isoflurane, desflurane, nitrous oxide). Began with Morton's 1846 ether demonstration; potency measured by MAC; agents eliminated by exhalation; desflurane has the largest environmental impact.
Inhalational anesthesia
Inhalational anesthesia is general anesthesia given through the lungs with volatile agents or nitrous oxide, the maintenance technique in about three quarters of UK general anesthetics.
Intravenous anesthesia
Intravenous anesthesia is general anesthesia from drugs injected or infused into a vein, usually induced with propofol; without any anesthetic gas it is called TIVA.
Methohexital
Methohexital, also known as methohexitone or Brevital, is an ultrashort-acting intravenous barbiturate used to induce anesthesia, most prominently as the standard anesthetic for electroconvulsive therapy.
Target-controlled infusion
Target-controlled infusion (TCI) is an anesthesia technique in which a computer-controlled pump delivers intravenous drugs to a plasma or effect-site concentration target, titrated to clinical effect.
Total intravenous anesthesia
Total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA) is a general anesthetic technique in which anesthesia is induced and maintained entirely with intravenous drugs, conventionally propofol with remifentanil, without any inhalational agent.