8 articles
Anesthetic Hypnosis
Anesthetic hypnosis (hypnosedation, hypnoanesthesia): inducing a trance-like state to relieve surgical pain, historically used as sole anesthesia in the 1800s and now an evidence-supported adjunct reducing anxiety, pain, and drug use.
Chemical restraint
Chemical restraint is medication given against a patient's will, not part of standard treatment, to control movement or behavior, most often benzodiazepines or antipsychotics; no consensus definition exists across jurisdictions.
Conscious sedation
Conscious sedation, now formally called moderate sedation/analgesia, is a drug-induced depression of consciousness in which the patient responds to verbal commands and maintains ventilation, used in most endoscopic procedures.
Deep sedation
Deep sedation is a drug-induced state in which a patient cannot be easily aroused but responds purposefully to repeated or painful stimulation, with possible airway support needed.
Procedural sedation and analgesia
Procedural sedation and analgesia (PSA) is the use of sedative or dissociative drugs, with or without analgesics, to help patients tolerate painful procedures such as joint relocation while preserving breathing and circulation.
Rectal Anesthesia
Rectal anesthesia: instillation of anesthetic or sedative drugs into the rectum, historically rectal ether (Roux 1847, Sutton 1910) and today mainly pediatric sedation with midazolam, diazepam, ketamine, or thiopental.
Remimazolam trial
Remimazolam trial: randomized clinical trials of remimazolam (CNS 7056), an ultra-short-acting benzodiazepine, versus propofol for endoscopic sedation and general anesthesia; remimazolam shows similar efficacy with less hypotension, respiratory depression, and injection pain.
Sedation scale
A sedation scale is a clinical rating instrument that scores a patient's consciousness or agitation so sedatives can be titrated; major ICU scales include the Ramsay, SAS, and RASS.