10 articles
Antimicrobial susceptibility testing
Antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) is a laboratory method that measures how antimicrobial drugs inhibit a bacterial isolate, classifying it as susceptible or resistant to guide therapy.
Bacterial Typing Techniques
Bacterial typing techniques are laboratory procedures for distinguishing strains within a bacterial species, spanning phenotypic methods (serotyping, phage typing, biotyping) and genotypic methods (PFGE, MLST, WGS), used in outbreak investigation and surveillance.
Free water clearance
Free water clearance is a renal physiology measure of the rate at which the kidneys excrete or retain solute-free water, used to guide hyponatremia treatment.
Lipoprotein insulin resistance index
The lipoprotein insulin resistance (LP-IR or LPIR) index is a blood test score, from 0 to 100, that estimates insulin resistance from six NMR-measured lipoprotein parameters.
Microbial Colony Count
Microbial colony count estimates viable microorganisms as colony-forming units by pour plate, spread plate, membrane filtration, spiral plate, or MPN methods, with Poisson-based countable ranges such as 15-300 colonies per plate in FDA BAM and ISO standards.
Nucleic acid sequence-based amplification
Nucleic acid sequence-based amplification (NASBA) is an isothermal laboratory method that exponentially amplifies RNA at about 41 °C, widely used to detect RNA viruses and viable bacteria.
Preimplantation genetic testing
Preimplantation genetic testing (PGT) is a reproductive medicine procedure that analyzes IVF embryos for genetic or chromosomal abnormalities before transfer, divided into PGT-A, PGT-M, and PGT-SR.
Reflex testing (laboratory medicine)
Reflex testing is a laboratory medicine practice in which a pre-determined result, such as a positive screen, automatically triggers confirmatory tests on the same specimen without a new physician order.
Residual disease testing
Residual disease testing, also called measurable or minimal residual disease (MRD) assessment, detects the few cancer cells that persist in blood or bone marrow after treatment, guiding relapse risk.
Sputum culture
A sputum culture is a laboratory test that grows mucus coughed up from the lungs to identify bacteria or fungi causing pneumonia, tuberculosis, or bronchiectasis infections.