45 articles
Ki-67 immunostaining
Ki-67 immunostaining is a pathology method that measures the fraction of tumor cells in the active cell cycle, reported as a labeling index for grading and prognosis.
Lymphocyte transformation test
The lymphocyte transformation test is an in vitro blood assay measuring lymphocyte proliferation after stimulation with an antigen or suspected drug, used to diagnose delayed drug hypersensitivity.
Maternal serum screening
Maternal serum screening is a blood test performed during pregnancy that measures fetal and placental proteins to estimate the risk of chromosomal abnormalities and open neural tube defects.
Metagenomic next-generation sequencing
Metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) is an unbiased diagnostic method that sequences all nucleic acids in a clinical sample, detecting bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites without culture.
PCA3 test
The PCA3 test is a urine-based molecular diagnostic measuring prostate cancer antigen 3 RNA after a digital rectal exam; FDA-approved in 2012, it was withdrawn in 2023.
Peritoneal equilibration test
The peritoneal equilibration test (PET) is a standardized clinical procedure measuring solute and water transport across the peritoneal membrane during peritoneal dialysis, introduced by Twardowski in 1987.
Pharmacogenetic testing
Pharmacogenetic testing is a diagnostic method that analyzes a patient's germline DNA variants to predict drug response and toxicity risk, guiding medication selection and dosing before or during treatment.
Precipitin Tests
Precipitin tests are serologic assays in which soluble antigen and homologous antibody form a visible precipitate. Introduced by Kraus in 1897 and applied forensically by Uhlenhuth in 1901, they identify species origin of bloodstains and quantify antibody.
Predictive testing
Predictive testing is genetic testing of an asymptomatic person to estimate their risk of a hereditary disease later in life, first applied to Huntington disease in 1987 and always paired with counseling.
Rotational thromboelastometry
Rotational thromboelastometry (ROTEM) is a point-of-care viscoelastic test that measures clot formation, firmness, and lysis in whole blood, guiding hemostatic therapy in trauma, cardiac surgery, and obstetrics.
Saliva sampling
Saliva sampling is a noninvasive specimen-collection method that analyzes oral fluid for hormones, antibodies, drugs, and nucleic acids, used in HIV testing, drug screening, and genomic analysis.
Synovial fluid analysis
Synovial fluid analysis is the laboratory examination of fluid aspirated from a joint, covering cell counts, crystals, and cultures to diagnose gout, pseudogout, and septic arthritis.
Throat culture
A throat culture is a diagnostic test that grows bacteria from a throat swab on blood agar; it is the gold standard for diagnosing strep throat, with results in 24 to 48 hours.
Thrombin time
The thrombin time (TT), or thrombin clotting time, is a coagulation blood test measuring how quickly fibrin clots form after thrombin is added to plasma.
α-synuclein seed amplification assay
The α-synuclein seed amplification assay (αSyn-SAA) is an ultrasensitive laboratory test that amplifies misfolded α-synuclein seeds in cerebrospinal fluid to detect Parkinson's disease and related synucleinopathies.