15 articles
Applanation tonometry
Applanation tonometry measures intraocular pressure by flattening a fixed area of the cornea with a calibrated probe; the Goldmann tonometer is the clinical gold standard for glaucoma care.
Cover test
The cover test is a clinical eye examination that detects ocular misalignment (strabismus) by alternately covering each eye and watching the uncovered eye, distinguishing manifest tropia from latent phoria.
Dilated fundus examination
A dilated fundus examination is an eye exam using dilating drops so the retina and optic disc can be inspected with an ophthalmoscope or slit lamp.
Gonioscopy
Gonioscopy is a slit-lamp eye examination in which a contact lens lets the examiner see the anterior chamber angle, the drainage structures central to diagnosing glaucoma.
Indirect ophthalmoscopy
Indirect ophthalmoscopy is an eye examination technique in which a head-mounted instrument and a hand-held condensing lens give a wide, stereoscopic, inverted view of the retina.
Keratometry
Keratometry is an ophthalmic measurement technique that determines the curvature of the front corneal surface and converts it to dioptric power, mainly for contact lens fitting and cataract surgery.
Rebound tonometry
Rebound tonometry is a handheld method of measuring intraocular pressure by bouncing a lightweight disposable probe off the cornea, usable in children and by glaucoma patients at home.
Relative afferent pupillary defects
Relative afferent pupillary defects (RAPD), also called Marcus Gunn pupil, is an asymmetry in the afferent sensory limb of the pupillary light reflex caused by disease.
Retinoscopy
Retinoscopy, also known as skiascopy, is an objective refraction technique that measures refractive error and derives an eyeglass prescription by observing the retinal light reflex.
Schirmer test
The Schirmer test is an ophthalmology test that measures tear production by placing a filter-paper strip in the lower eyelid and reading the wetted length after five minutes.
Slit-lamp examination
Slit-lamp examination, or slit-lamp biomicroscopy, is an ophthalmic exam using a binocular microscope and adjustable blade of light to inspect the eye from lids to fundus.
Subjective refraction
Subjective refraction is the assessment of refractive error by presenting lenses and using patient responses to find the best correction, the gold standard for spectacle prescription.
Tear breakup time
Tear breakup time (TBUT) is a clinical eye test measuring the interval between a blink and the first dry spot on the cornea, a core measure in dry eye diagnosis.
Tonometry
Tonometry is the clinical measurement of intraocular pressure, the fluid pressure inside the eye, used to diagnose ocular hypertension and track the pressure reductions that stop glaucoma progression.
Vision Screening
Vision screening (eye test) is a short check of near and far vision, via eye charts or photoscreeners, to flag people needing full eye exams. USPSTF recommends it at ages 3-5 for amblyopia; WHO backs school-age screening every 1-2 years under SPECS 2030.